hce_nthu
111年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Reading 5 Many different kinds of things are said to be just and unjust: not only laws, institutions, and social systems, but also particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations. We also call the attitudes and dispositions of persons, and persons themselves, just and unjust. Our topic, however, is that of social justice. For us the primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society, or more exactly, the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation. By major institutions I understand the political constitution and the principal economic and social arrangements. Thus the legal protection of freedom of thought and liberty of conscience, competitive markets, private property in the means of production, and the monogamous family are examples of major social institutions. Taken together as one scheme, the major institutions define men’s rights and duties and influence their life prospects, what they can expect to be and how well they can hope to do. The basic structure is the primary subject of justice because its effects are so profound and present from the start. The intuitive notion here is that this structure contains various social positions and that men born into different positions have different expectations of life determined, in part, by the political system as well as by economic and social circumstances. In this way the institutions of society favor certain staring places over others. These are especially deep inequalities. Not only are they pervasive, but they affect men’s initial chances in life; yet they cannot possibly be justified by an appeal to the notions of merit or desert. It is these inequalities, presumably inevitable in the basic structure of any society, to which the principles of social justice must in the first instance apply. These principles, then, regulate the choice of a political constitution and the main elements of the economic and social system. The justice of a social scheme depends essentially on how fundamental rights and duties are assigned and on the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society.
Reading 5 Many different kinds of things are said to be just and unjust: not only laws, institutions, and social systems, but also particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations. We also call the attitudes and dispositions of persons, and persons themselves, just and unjust. Our topic, however, is that of social justice. For us the primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society, or more exactly, the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation. By major institutions I understand the political constitution and the principal economic and social arrangements. Thus the legal protection of freedom of thought and liberty of conscience, competitive markets, private property in the means of production, and the monogamous family are examples of major social institutions. Taken together as one scheme, the major institutions define men’s rights and duties and influence their life prospects, what they can expect to be and how well they can hope to do. The basic structure is the primary subject of justice because its effects are so profound and present from the start. The intuitive notion here is that this structure contains various social positions and that men born into different positions have different expectations of life determined, in part, by the political system as well as by economic and social circumstances. In this way the institutions of society favor certain staring places over others. These are especially deep inequalities. Not only are they pervasive, but they affect men’s initial chances in life; yet they cannot possibly be justified by an appeal to the notions of merit or desert. It is these inequalities, presumably inevitable in the basic structure of any society, to which the principles of social justice must in the first instance apply. These principles, then, regulate the choice of a political constitution and the main elements of the economic and social system. The justice of a social scheme depends essentially on how fundamental rights and duties are assigned and on the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society.
According to the author, the justice of a social scheme primordially depends on which of the following?
I. the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties
II. advantages from social cooperation
III. the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society
I. the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties
II. advantages from social cooperation
III. the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society
- A I only
- B I and II only
- C II and III only
- D I and III only
- E I, II and III
思路引導 VIP
請特別留意文章的最末段或最後一句話。當作者總結「一個社會方案的正義與否，本質上（essentially）取決於什麼」時，他使用了哪些具體的名詞來描述這些評判標準？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
社會結構與正義的衡量標準
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到作者對於「社會正義」的細膩定義，這顯示你具備優秀的邏輯分析能力。這道題目要求我們在複雜的長句中，找出決定社會體系正義與否的「根本因素」。作者在文中明確指出，正義的主體是社會的基本結構，而評價一個社會方案（social scheme）是否正義，關鍵在於其如何分配權利義務，以及所提供的經濟機會與社會條件。
文本核心資訊的精確對應
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