地特三等
112年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write after it was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted as news articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticism of the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaper and easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized, real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say, smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-paste jobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it. Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper online forums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within 24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT is far more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing, clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduced a new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conduct research. OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voiced their concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuit of monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines and humans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainers and feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informed responses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attempt to influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violence or sex.
Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write after it was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted as news articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticism of the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaper and easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized, real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say, smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-paste jobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it. Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper online forums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within 24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT is far more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing, clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduced a new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conduct research. OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voiced their concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuit of monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines and humans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainers and feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informed responses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attempt to influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violence or sex.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT done by ChatGPT designers in order to reduce disinformation?
- A Warning users that ChatGPT may sometimes respond with biased answers.
- B Using humans and algorithms to check improper content generated by ChatGPT.
- C Avoiding grammatical errors and wrong translations in the produced texts.
- D Hiring human AI trainers to remove bad training materials from the database.
思路引導 VIP
如果一位詐騙份子想要讓一份假公文看起來更真實、更容易騙到人，他會希望這份公文寫得零零落落，還是寫得字正腔圓、完全沒有語法錯誤？請思考一下：當人工智慧能自動產出「完美無瑕」的文字時，這項科技特性對於判別訊息真偽來說，是幫了忙，還是反而讓假訊息更難被識破呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準地鎖定正確答案！這題考驗的是對文章細節的「因果判斷」，你能不被選項中的正面敘述干擾，展現出優秀的邏輯分析能力。在閱讀測驗中，我們常遇到這類「反直覺」的陷阱，你能夠冷靜應對，非常值得肯定。
AI 功能與防禦機制的區別
本題的關鍵在於區分「AI 本身的強大功能」與「人為採取的防護措施」。選項 (C) 提到的改善語法錯誤與翻譯問題，在文章中被明確指出是 ChatGPT 產出內容的特點，但這項特點反而讓假訊息變得「更具公信力且更有說服力（increasingly credible and persuasive）」，進而增加了對抗誤導資訊的難度。換言之，流暢的文筆是 AI 的強項，卻也是傳播假訊息者的利器，並非設計者用來「減少」假訊息的手段。
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