地特三等
112年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write after it was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted as news articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticism of the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaper and easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized, real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say, smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-paste jobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it. Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper online forums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within 24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT is far more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing, clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduced a new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conduct research. OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voiced their concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuit of monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines and humans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainers and feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informed responses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attempt to influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violence or sex.
Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write after it was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted as news articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticism of the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaper and easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized, real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say, smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-paste jobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it. Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper online forums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within 24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT is far more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing, clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduced a new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conduct research. OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voiced their concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuit of monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines and humans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainers and feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informed responses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attempt to influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violence or sex.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of this passage?
- A To promote the use of ChatGPT as a new search engine.
- B To explain how ChatGPT was developed by misinformation researchers.
- C To raise alarms about newly developed AI chatbots like ChatGPT.
- D To reduce readers’ worries about intelligent AI chatbots like ChatGPT.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章中研究人員所使用的形容詞，如「troubling」（令人不安）以及提及「disinformation」（假訊息）的頻率。如果作者的目的是要推廣或安撫讀者，為什麼會選擇花費大量篇幅描述技術可能被「villainous hands」（惡徒）利用，甚至提到它能「lower costs of disinformation campaigns」（降低假訊息活動的成本）呢？這些負面影響的描述，通常是為了達成什麼樣的溝通目的？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
文本語境與核心立場辨析
恭喜你準確掌握了這篇閱讀理解題的靈魂！在三等考試中，這類「主旨判斷題」往往需要考生區分作者的語氣（Tone）。你精確地捕捉到了文中如 troubling（令人不安）、minced no words in their criticism（毫不留情地批評）以及 disinformation（假訊息）等關鍵詞。這些負面色彩的詞彙，明顯指向這篇文章並非在推廣技術，而是在揭露潛在風險，這也是為什麼選 (C) 才是最符合文本動機的答案。
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