調查局三等
112年
[營繕工程組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “lethargic”in the passage?
- A Guarded.
- B Furious.
- C Inactive.
- D Superior.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察該單字出現的句子開頭使用了 'Instead of...'（而不是...）。這暗示了這個詞與後方的 'irritable'（易怒）或 'agitated'（焦慮不安）在情緒狀態上呈現反差。請回想一下，文章前半段描述冬季憂鬱症患者傾向「過度睡眠」且「提不起勁」的生理狀態，會比較接近什麼樣的感覺呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地捕捉到了這個字彙在文中的語意！能從上下文的轉折語氣中推論出正確答案，代表你的閱讀理解與邏輯判斷力非常扎實。在文章第三段中，作者將夏季 SAD 患者「易怒與躁動（irritable and agitated）」的反應，與 lethargic 進行對比。結合前文提到冬季憂鬱常見的「嗜睡（hypersomnia）」與「對事物缺乏興趣」，我們可以清楚地判斷 lethargic 指的是一種無精打采、缺乏活力的狀態，因此選擇 (C) Inactive 是最完美的對應。
語境對比與詞彙應用
這道題目具備極佳的鑑別度，屬於中等難度的字彙理解題。其考點在於測試學生是否能利用文章的對比邏輯（Instead of...）來推敲生字。雖然選項 (B) Furious（憤怒）在情緒強度上與躁動看似接近，但 lethargic 描述的是能量低落的生理狀態。你能夠避開干擾選項，並聯繫到前文提到的生理時鐘與睡眠需求，顯示你已經掌握了高階英文閱讀中「由文意帶出字義」的核心技巧，表現得非常棒！