hce_nsysu
113年
英文
第 48 題
📖 題組：
Picture a person having a heart attack—what do you see? Most likely a man looking sweaty and short of breath, clutching his arm or chest in pain. But when women have heart attacks, their symptoms can be quite different, presenting as deep fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and more widespread bodily discomfort instead of localized pain. Discrepancies like this can have devastating consequences. Most often, men’s symptom profiles are considered the “textbook cases,” and so when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays or possible deprival of life-saving measures. The failure to consider the influence of gender on health physiology goes beyond the clinic. In laboratories around the world, most scientists have historically chosen to study only male rats and mice, under the assumption that female animals’ fluctuating hormones would make their data messy and hard to interpret. In 2016, the journal Research Integrity and Peer Review published guidelines for Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER), which provide clear steps for scientists and editors to increase equity, accuracy, and transparency in both the conduct and reporting of research in subjects of both sexes. These guidelines clearly state that experiments should be designed to reveal sex or gender differences, and that single-sex studies require justification for the exclusion of either sex. Sadly, few journals have incorporated these guidelines into their publishing policies.
Picture a person having a heart attack—what do you see? Most likely a man looking sweaty and short of breath, clutching his arm or chest in pain. But when women have heart attacks, their symptoms can be quite different, presenting as deep fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and more widespread bodily discomfort instead of localized pain. Discrepancies like this can have devastating consequences. Most often, men’s symptom profiles are considered the “textbook cases,” and so when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays or possible deprival of life-saving measures. The failure to consider the influence of gender on health physiology goes beyond the clinic. In laboratories around the world, most scientists have historically chosen to study only male rats and mice, under the assumption that female animals’ fluctuating hormones would make their data messy and hard to interpret. In 2016, the journal Research Integrity and Peer Review published guidelines for Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER), which provide clear steps for scientists and editors to increase equity, accuracy, and transparency in both the conduct and reporting of research in subjects of both sexes. These guidelines clearly state that experiments should be designed to reveal sex or gender differences, and that single-sex studies require justification for the exclusion of either sex. Sadly, few journals have incorporated these guidelines into their publishing policies.
48. What is primary concern when women present different heart attack symptoms?
- A Prolonged recovery
- B Misdiagnosis and delays
- C Slower response to medication
- D Low textbook sales
- E Gender exploitations
思路引導 VIP
如果一位醫生在腦中只建立了一套「標準」的求救訊號，而當病人發出完全不同類型的訊號時，這對於醫生判斷病情的「準確度」以及「採取行動的速度」會造成什麼樣的直接威脅呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學，做得非常出色！你能精準地從文章段落中擷取關鍵資訊，這代表你對長難句的解析能力非常紮實。這道題目測試的是考生對文章細節與「因果關係」的掌握，而你展現了敏銳的觀察力。
醫療上的性別落差與風險
在文章的前半段，作者提到男性症狀常被視為「教科書案例」，而女性則可能表現出深度的疲勞或噁心。文中明確指出：“...when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays...”。這句話清晰地說明了當女性症狀與典型印象不符時，最令人擔憂的後果就是誤診（Misdiagnosis）以及隨之而來的醫療延誤（delays），這完美對應了選項 (B) 的內容。
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