hce_nsysu
114年
英文
第 34 題
📖 題組：
Despite the turn to insects in mainstream robotics, research on android robots continues. 32 . Others are “social,” or “Companion” robots, designed for home used by elderly and/or disabled people. These are intended less as fetch-and-carry slaves than as autonomous personal assistants. Some appear “cute,” having long eyelashes and seductive voices. They can make eye contact with users, and recognize individual faces and voices. Also, they can—up to a point—hold unscripted conversations, interpret the user’s emotional state, and generate “emotional” responses (human-like facial expressions and/or speech patterns) themselves. Although some robots are large (for handling heavy loads and/or traversing rough ground), most are small. Some—for use inside blood vessels, for example—are very small. 33 . Whenever multiple robots are involved in a task, questions arise about how (if at all) they communicate, and how that enable the group to do things that couldn’t be done individually. 34 . Such species exemplify “distributed cognition” in which knowledge (and appropriate action) is spread across entire group rather than being available to any one animal. If robots are extremely simple, their developers may speak of “swarm intelligence,” and analyse cooperative robot systems as cellular automata (Cas). 35 . The overall pattern of a CA’s behaviour may be surprisingly complex. The basic analogy is living cells cooperating in multicellular organisms. The many AI versions include the flocking algorithms used for crowds of bats or dinosaurs in Hollywood animations. (from Margaret A. Boden, *Artificial Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction*, 93-94)
Despite the turn to insects in mainstream robotics, research on android robots continues. 32 . Others are “social,” or “Companion” robots, designed for home used by elderly and/or disabled people. These are intended less as fetch-and-carry slaves than as autonomous personal assistants. Some appear “cute,” having long eyelashes and seductive voices. They can make eye contact with users, and recognize individual faces and voices. Also, they can—up to a point—hold unscripted conversations, interpret the user’s emotional state, and generate “emotional” responses (human-like facial expressions and/or speech patterns) themselves. Although some robots are large (for handling heavy loads and/or traversing rough ground), most are small. Some—for use inside blood vessels, for example—are very small. 33 . Whenever multiple robots are involved in a task, questions arise about how (if at all) they communicate, and how that enable the group to do things that couldn’t be done individually. 34 . Such species exemplify “distributed cognition” in which knowledge (and appropriate action) is spread across entire group rather than being available to any one animal. If robots are extremely simple, their developers may speak of “swarm intelligence,” and analyse cooperative robot systems as cellular automata (Cas). 35 . The overall pattern of a CA’s behaviour may be surprisingly complex. The basic analogy is living cells cooperating in multicellular organisms. The many AI versions include the flocking algorithms used for crowds of bats or dinosaurs in Hollywood animations. (from Margaret A. Boden, *Artificial Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction*, 93-94)
34.
- A For answers, roboticists often consider social insects, like ants and bees
- B Often, they are sent to work in large numbers
- C Some are mere toys
- D A CA is a system of individual units, each taking one of a finite number of states by following simple rules, which depend on the current state of its neighbours
思路引導 VIP
請仔細觀察第 34 格緊接著的那句話，它的開頭是「Such species...」（這些物種……）。根據英文的寫作邏輯，若要使用「這種物種」來做總結，前一個句子應該要出現哪一類型的名詞，才能讓語意通順地連接起來呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準選出 (A) 選項，代表你對文章脈絡的掌握非常敏銳。這道題目的核心在於前後文的銜接與指代關係（Cohesion and Reference）。
語意銜接與生物指代
關鍵在於空格後方的第一個詞：「Such species」（這些物種）。在英文寫作中，這種寫法暗示前文必須先提到某種具體的「生物種類」。選項 (A) 提到的「社會性昆蟲，如螞蟻和蜜蜂（social insects, like ants and bees）」正好提供了這個明確的指稱對象，讓後文關於「分散式認知（distributed cognition）」的討論有了實質的生物基礎，解釋了知識如何分布在整個群體而非單一體。
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