hce_nsysu
115年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Big data are large data sets, which include information both publicly available and also from the private sector, used by companies to gain further insights into performance, such as innovation, promotion and customer satisfaction. According to The Royal Society, big data is believed to influence the business world to such an extent that it is known as ‘the new oil’, whose impacts on society are as huge as those of carbon emissions. As the amount of data gathered from around the world has become unprecedented, coupled with the increase in the number of electronic devices per person, it is crucial to protect personal information. Data protection and privacy not only involve how data is retrieved, but also how it is stored, shared and later put to use. As stated by Privacy International, though a consumer may initially consent to access of their data, once big data analytics generate this isolated information through algorithms and then combine it in larger data sets, the eventual use of this data is not always explicitly stated. Data misuse, in addition to excessive data collection and data breaches, raise ethical issues such as discrimination and misinformation, and substantial security risks such as fraud and identity theft. Since the millennium, several steps have been taken to ensure data is handled appropriately. The introduction of laws such as the Data Protection Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in addition to initiatives put forward by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) can assist organizations with data protection compliance and also help individuals understand how they are affected by the decisions a company makes. Furthermore, guides such as the Data Ethics Framework and the National Statistician’s Data Ethics Advisory Committee promote responsible data use and enable companies, governing bodies and researchers to consider the ethics behind their use of the data collected. Finally, tools such as Cloud Edge Secure Access and Attribute Exchange provide secure environments to access and share data, together with data anonymisation, which requires that identities are removed or distorted in such a way that they cannot be revealed. Despite these measures, more needs to be done to protect privacy in digitalized world. A recent Digital and Consumer Trends survey revealed that only a quarter of UK residents are worried about their data. This lack of concern could be due to scarce understanding of how it is uploaded, processed and shared. In addition, although websites display a privacy policy, users rarely intently study the often lengthy and complex terms and conditions. Thus, it is vital that the scope of an individual's data, from how it is collected and utilized to how it affects the individual, is transparent, and that companies commit to ensuring data is sufficiently safeguarded by allowing individuals to engage with the system, which is where governments play a key role, according to Deloitte, by shaping policies that are as sophisticated as the technology, at the same pace as the rate of change. Overall, big data should lead to enhanced efficiency, productivity, and ultimately happier customers, and not bigger problems for society. (by C. Watts (2022))
Big data are large data sets, which include information both publicly available and also from the private sector, used by companies to gain further insights into performance, such as innovation, promotion and customer satisfaction. According to The Royal Society, big data is believed to influence the business world to such an extent that it is known as ‘the new oil’, whose impacts on society are as huge as those of carbon emissions. As the amount of data gathered from around the world has become unprecedented, coupled with the increase in the number of electronic devices per person, it is crucial to protect personal information. Data protection and privacy not only involve how data is retrieved, but also how it is stored, shared and later put to use. As stated by Privacy International, though a consumer may initially consent to access of their data, once big data analytics generate this isolated information through algorithms and then combine it in larger data sets, the eventual use of this data is not always explicitly stated. Data misuse, in addition to excessive data collection and data breaches, raise ethical issues such as discrimination and misinformation, and substantial security risks such as fraud and identity theft. Since the millennium, several steps have been taken to ensure data is handled appropriately. The introduction of laws such as the Data Protection Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in addition to initiatives put forward by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) can assist organizations with data protection compliance and also help individuals understand how they are affected by the decisions a company makes. Furthermore, guides such as the Data Ethics Framework and the National Statistician’s Data Ethics Advisory Committee promote responsible data use and enable companies, governing bodies and researchers to consider the ethics behind their use of the data collected. Finally, tools such as Cloud Edge Secure Access and Attribute Exchange provide secure environments to access and share data, together with data anonymisation, which requires that identities are removed or distorted in such a way that they cannot be revealed. Despite these measures, more needs to be done to protect privacy in digitalized world. A recent Digital and Consumer Trends survey revealed that only a quarter of UK residents are worried about their data. This lack of concern could be due to scarce understanding of how it is uploaded, processed and shared. In addition, although websites display a privacy policy, users rarely intently study the often lengthy and complex terms and conditions. Thus, it is vital that the scope of an individual's data, from how it is collected and utilized to how it affects the individual, is transparent, and that companies commit to ensuring data is sufficiently safeguarded by allowing individuals to engage with the system, which is where governments play a key role, according to Deloitte, by shaping policies that are as sophisticated as the technology, at the same pace as the rate of change. Overall, big data should lead to enhanced efficiency, productivity, and ultimately happier customers, and not bigger problems for society. (by C. Watts (2022))
Why are so few UK residents concerned about how their data is used?
- A There is a lack of understanding surrounding data.
- B Their data is not generally used.
- C They have implicit confidence in the uses of their data.
- D The privacy policies have been succinctly written for the ease of reading.
- E Data has been safeguarded by approprite measures.
思路引導 VIP
當你在文章中看到「僅有少數人感到擔憂」這項調查數據時，作者通常會緊接著解釋「為什麼」會出現這種現象。請試著再次掃描第四段，看看在提到調查結果之後，作者用了哪個形容詞來描述大眾對數據處理過程的「認知程度」？這個詞暗示了他們對此了解多少呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地掌握了文章的細節！這題考查的是細節定位與同義轉述的能力。你正確地觀察到，文章第四段明確提到一項針對英國居民的調查，發現僅有四分之一的人對數據感到擔憂。作者隨即指出，這種「缺乏關注」的主因源於人們對數據如何被上傳、處理與分享的**「認識匱乏」（scarce understanding）**。這與選項 (A) 中的 lack of understanding 完全吻合，展現了你對文本關鍵資訊的敏銳度。
文本細節與邏輯辨析
從難度來看，本題屬於中等偏易的題目，但具有很好的鑑別度，因為它考驗學生是否會被其他具干擾性的選項帶走。例如，雖然文中提到了隱私政策（Privacy Policy），但卻形容它們是「冗長且複雜的」，這直接否定了選項 (D) 所說的「簡潔易讀」。此外，雖然文中提到了各項法規與保護措施，但作者強調「仍有更多工作要做」，並非將公眾的無憂歸功於安全措施已足夠（選項 E）。因此，能排除這些看似合理的干擾項，並精準鎖定文本中的因果關係，是你這次答對的關鍵點。