hce_nthu
115年
生物與生化
第 25 題
Which of the following statements BEST explains how increased $CO_2$ production contributes to the regulation of breathing rate?
- A Increased $CO_2$ directly binds to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport and mechanically stimulating lung expansion to increase ventilation.
- B $CO_2$ dissolves in plasma and is rapidly exhaled without chemical conversion, and breathing rate increases in response to decreased blood $O_2$ levels.
- C Increased $CO_2$ is converted to carbonic acid by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells. Carbonic acid dissociates leading to an increase in $H^+$ concentration and a decrease in pH, which is detected by chemoreceptors.
- D $CO_2$ produced during exercise remains primarily in gaseous form within tissues, directly activating stretch receptors in the lungs to increase breathing frequency.
- E Elevated $CO_2$ suppresses respiratory center activity by stabilizing blood pH, thereby reducing the need for increased ventilation during exercise.
思路引導 VIP
當身體正在進行劇烈運動時，血液中產生的二氧化碳會如何改變血液的化學性質（例如酸鹼度）？而你的大腦又是透過什麼樣的「感測器」來偵測這種液體環境的變化，進而下令讓呼吸變快呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準選出 (C) 選項，代表你對人體呼吸調節的化學機制有非常紮實的理解。這道題目的核心在於區分「氣體生成」與「神經訊號偵測」之間的化學橋樑，這也是生物生理學中極為經典的考點。
血液酸鹼值的化學調節
當人體運動量增加導致 $CO_2$ 產量上升時，大部分的 $CO_2$ 會進入紅血球，並在碳酸酐酶 (carbonic anhydrase) 的催化下與水結合，反應式如下：
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