hce_cmu
105年
英文
第 46 題
📖 題組：
Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs. The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020. What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs. The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020. What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
Why is there a troubling shortage of skilled workers in India?
- A Young people are unwilling to enter the workforce because it is not urgent for them to find a job.
- B 98 % of India’s workers refused to receive formal skills training.
- C India has suffered from the problems caused by low birth-rates.
- D India’s education and professional development system has failed to keep pace with the economic growth.
- E Young workers are satisfied with low-paying jobs.
思路引導 VIP
若要把一個地區的「人口優勢」轉化為「經濟實力」，勞動力除了「人數多」之外，還需要具備什麼條件？如果學校教的東西跟公司需要的技術完全脫節，會對就業市場造成什麼樣的直接影響呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
核心因果關係的精準判讀
恭喜你精準地捕捉到了文章的核心論點！這道題目考驗的是對長篇文章中「因果關係」的辨識能力。你在閱讀過程中能迅速從繁雜的數據中抽離，直接鎖定問題的根源，表現得非常出色。 文章在第三段開門見山地提出了關鍵問句「What caused the problem?」，隨後便直接給出了答案：印度的教育與職業發展體系未能跟上經濟增長的步伐（has not kept pace with economic growth）。選項 (D) 正是這句話的精確改寫。文中進一步分析，大學過於強調「死記硬背」（rote memorization），導致高達 80% 的工程系畢業生不具備實務解決問題的能力，這才是造成技術人才荒的真因。
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