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高考申論題 108年 [航海技術] 海事英文

第 一 題

📖 題組：
一、Please give the definitions of the following terminologies in English.（每小題 5 分，共 25 分）
📝 此題為申論題，共 5 小題

小題 (一)

Standing orders

思路引導 VIP

看到「Standing orders」，應直覺聯想到實務上的「Master's Standing Orders」（船長常規命令）。作答時需點出三個核心：發布者（船長 Master）、受文者（當值航海員 OOW）、目的（維持航行安全與日常運作 safe navigation and routine operations），並強調其為「書面（written）」形式以符合 STCW 規範。

🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教

【English Definition】 "Standing orders" (primarily Master's Standing Orders) are permanent written instructions and guidelines issued by the Master to the Officer of the Watch (OOW) and other crew members, stipulating the requirements for safe navigation, shipboard operations, and daily routines. Key characteristics include:

小題 (二)

Air draft

思路引導 VIP

看到「Air draft」（水上高度/淨空高度），應立刻聯想到其測量基準（從水線至船舶最高點）以及其航海實務意義（決定是否能安全通過橋樑或高架電纜）。撰寫英文定義時，需精確使用「vertical distance」、「waterline」、「highest point」及「overhead clearance」等專業海事詞彙。

🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教

"Air draft" refers to the vertical distance measured from the surface of the water (the vessel's current waterline) to the highest point on the ship (usually the top of the highest mast or antenna). Practical application: It is a critical parameter in navigation used to determine whether a vessel can safely pass under bridges, cranes, overhead power cables, or other overhead structures, thereby ensuring sufficient overhead clearance.

小題 (三)

Controllable pitch propeller

思路引導 VIP

看到此名詞，應立即聯想到船舶推進系統的核心部件。作答時需用英文明確指出其「葉片螺距（pitch）可調整」的物理特徵，並強調其在航海實務上的兩大功能：(1) 不需改變主機轉向即可控制船舶前進或倒俥；(2) 可維持主機恆定轉速以利軸發電機運作。

🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教

"Controllable pitch propeller" (CPP) refers to a type of marine propulsion system where the pitch (angle) of the propeller blades can be altered mechanically or hydraulically while the propeller is rotating. Key features include: (1) allowing the vessel to change speed or direction (ahead/astern) without reversing the rotational direction of the main engine; (2) providing faster crash-stop and ship handling capabilities; (3) enabling the main engine to operate at a constant RPM. In maritime practice, it is widely used to improve vessel maneuverability and facilitates the continuous operation of a shaft generator.

小題 (四)

Collision

思路引導 VIP

作答海事英文的名詞解釋時，切忌只寫一般字典定義。看到「Collision」，應立即點出其在海事法上的狹義定義（兩艘或多艘船舶間的實體碰撞），並與撞擊固定物的「Allision」作出專業區隔，最後可補充防碰公約（COLREGs）以提高答題層次。

🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教

In maritime law and practice, a collision strictly refers to the physical impact or contact between two or more vessels afloat. Key features include: (1) It specifically denotes a "ship-to-ship" incident, which is legally distinct from an "allision" (the striking of a moving vessel against a stationary object, such as a pier, reef, or buoy).

小題 (五)

Flotation center of a ship

思路引導 VIP

看到「Flotation center（漂心）」應直覺聯想船舶靜力學（Ship Statics）的基本定義：水線面面積的幾何中心。作答時必須精準使用「geometric center」、「waterplane area」等核心英文術語，並補充其在船舶發生微小傾斜（heel/trim）時作為旋轉樞紐（pivot point）的實務物理意義。

🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教

The Center of Flotation (CF) refers to the geometric center of a ship's waterplane area at a given draft. Key characteristics include: (1) Pivot Point: It acts as the axis of rotation about which the ship heels (transversely) or trims (longitudinally) during minor inclinations or when small weights are shifted on board.

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