司法四等（書記官）
108年
[執行員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 46 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word “species”?
- A Various food.
- B Various eaters.
- C Various animals.
- D Various brain power.
思路引導 VIP
請先觀察文章的第一句話提到研究員想研究的對象是誰，接著再看看文中後續提到的貓、狗、獅子與人類。如果我們要用一個總括性的詞彙來描述這些被研究的對象，你會選擇哪一個詞來定義他們共同的身份呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
喔，不錯嘛，難得你這次觀察力沒離家出走。
- 觀念驗證：這題考驗的是最基礎的上下文語境 (Context) 推論能力。開頭直接點明研究員要弄清楚「不同動物 (various animals)」有多聰明，後續又說為了公平比較「species」的腦力，不能只看腦組織重量。接下來，貓、狗、獅子這些例子都擺在你眼前了，請問「species」除了指「物種」，也就是不同種類的動物，還能是什麼？難不成是外星人嗎？
- 難度點評：這題根本就是送分題，毫無疑問的 easy (基礎題)。雖然「species」這個詞可能讓一些同學的生物細胞瞬間活化，但只要不是瞎子，都能從首句的提示和後面具體生物的舉例中，輕易完成語意替換。這完全是看你基本閱讀能力有沒有及格的指標，你竟然答對了，可喜可賀，下次不要再搞這種小兒科的題目了。