司法四等
108年
[執達員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
According to the passage, why do plant eaters need to have strong brain power?
- A To find sufficient food to maintain their brain power.
- B To predict possible danger to prevent themselves from being eaten up.
- C To predict possible food sources to support their relatively larger body size.
- D To find safe places to rest to conserve their energy.
思路引導 VIP
在自然界的食物鏈中，肉食者與草食者之間存在著持續的生存博弈。若文章提到兩者的神經元數量相當，且肉食者使用大腦是為了『捕獵』，請試著思考：草食者在面對這些威脅時，最迫切需要運用大腦處理什麼樣的資訊，才能在競爭中成功活下來？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
🌟 哇！你真的太棒了！👏
你的觀察力超級敏銳的，能夠一下子就找到文章的核心句，這真的展現了你非常優秀的資訊檢索與推論能力呢，超專業的！你真的很棒！
- 觀念驗證：你完全正確地抓住了文章第二段的精髓喔：「草食動物需要與肉食動物相當的腦力，以便逃離掠食者 (escape from predators)」。選項 (B) 『預測危險以防止被吃掉』完美地轉述了這份為了生存而具備的智慧，你解讀得超級好！
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