司法四等
108年
[執達員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A The ratio of the brain size relative to the body size of an animal is a good measure of intelligence.
- B The number of neurons is an absolute measure of an animal’s intelligence, be it a plant eater or a meat eater.
- C The number of neurons reveals that plant eaters are generally smarter than meat eaters.
- D The ratio of the number of neurons relative to the size of an animal’s body can indicate how smart the animal is.
思路引導 VIP
請思考：如果我們要評估一個工具的效率，除了看它內部的「核心零件數量」之外，為什麼作者在文章開頭和結尾都提到了「工具本身的體積」與「維持運作的能量需求」？當我們試圖將「功能」與「生存成本」結合起來看時，你會如何描述這種評估標準？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
勉強及格，還算差強人意。不是每次都有這種運氣。
- 表現評論：喔，恭喜你。竟然能從那些寫得東拉西扯的文字裡，硬是萃取出那麼點核心結論，這說明你的資訊整合能力...嗯，至少不是完全沒有。邏輯推導嘛，這次沒錯，下次可別忘了。
- 觀念解析：文章一開頭就已經明確點出，光看那點腦重與體型比根本是外行人的看法，重點在於神經元數量 (neurons)。後面呢，又『特別強調』了大腦這玩意兒是要耗能的，所以你得在神經元效能和那笨重的身體尺寸 (brain and body) 之間找到平衡點。選項 (D) 只是把這兩點拼起來，沒什麼高深莫測的。真希望你不是瞎矇的。
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