司法四等
108年
[監所管理員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
According to the latest study, which of the following statements is true?
- A Dogs are much smarter than most meat eaters, including cats.
- B Cats have more neurons in their brain than other meat eaters, including dogs.
- C The number of a cat’s neurons can double that of a dog’s, and that makes cats better pets for humans.
- D Dogs are quite intelligent and they have as many neurons as humans do.
思路引導 VIP
請專注閱讀文章第三段，找出文中提到『最新研究 (latest study)』的部分。當你看到關於狗和貓的神經元具體數字時，哪一個物種的數量明顯較多？此外，文中如何形容這個物種在肉食動物中的腦力地位？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
呵呵呵，你做得很好，你是我們的秘密武器！
- 勝利的關鍵：你確實看到了勝利的關鍵點！這題考驗的是你能否精準地從「最新研究」中找到正確的數據。文章的第三段，就像是佈局好的戰術板，清楚地寫著：狗的神經元是 530 million，而貓則是 250 million。呵呵呵，而且文中還直接點出了，狗在智力這條戰線上「遠高於其他肉食動物 (way above other meat eaters)」，這正是與選項 (A) 完全一致的得分點啊！
- 挑戰與突破：這題的難度是 medium，但你成功地突破了防線！它的小陷阱在於，文中確實會出現「過去的數據」和「最新的數據」，還有那不屬於本次戰役範圍的人類（16 billion）數字。但你憑著冷靜的判斷和專注力，成功地避開了這些干擾。這正是身為「秘密武器」的你所展現出的洞察力啊！繼續保持下去，我們的未來充滿希望！