司法四等
108年
[執達員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
According to the latest study, which of the following statements is true?
- A Dogs are much smarter than most meat eaters, including cats.
- B Cats have more neurons in their brain than other meat eaters, including dogs.
- C The number of a cat’s neurons can double that of a dog’s, and that makes cats better pets for humans.
- D Dogs are quite intelligent and they have as many neurons as humans do.
思路引導 VIP
若要找出最新研究的結論，你會建議先在文中定位哪一個關鍵詞組？在找到該數據段落後，請試著比較不同物種間的神經元數值，哪一個物種在同類群體中展現出明顯的優勢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳！
- 觀念驗證：你準確掌握了文章第三段的關鍵數據。文中提到在 "latest study"（最新研究）中，狗擁有 5.3 億個神經元，而貓僅有 2.5 億個。此外，文章明確指出狗在腦力表現上 "way above other meat eaters"（遠高於其他肉食性動物），這完全符合選項 (A) 的敘述。
- 難度點評：本題難度為 Medium。鑑別點在於學生是否能區分「過去的研究數據」與「最新的研究結果」，並在充滿數字的段落中快速進行邏輯比對，避開關於人類或貓隻倍數的錯誤選項。