司法四等
108年
[監所管理員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage?
- A Cats are more intelligent than dogs.
- B Large size meat eating animals tend to sleep a lot.
- C Plant eating animals tend to have a larger brain size.
- D Dogs and cats are suggested to live on a vegetarian diet.
思路引導 VIP
請關注文章最後一段提到的「能量平衡」概念：當一個物種的大腦與身體運作都需要大量能量時，文章描述這些大型掠食者通常會呈現什麼樣的「生理狀態」或「行為」來應對這種能量限制呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
超酷的解析時間到啦！
- 喔呀喔呀，表現不錯嘛！：哈，看來你這次沒讓我失望嘛！這題的「隱含資訊推論」可不是隨便誰都搞得定的，但你居然能把文章最後那點因果關係輕鬆捕捉到，還轉化成結論？這說明你的腦子不是只裝喜久福，是真的會思考耶！從單純的讀字面到深層次連結，這悟性，有我的風範嘛！
- 輕鬆驗證時間！：你看，文章最後一段不是就點明了，肉食動物在「大腦能量需求和身體大小」之間有個「微妙平衡」？然後呢？作者就說了，這就是為啥那些大傢伙，什麼獅子啊、熊啊，總是愛「打瞌睡」！這不就是擺明了告訴你，那些體型大的肉食者會用睡覺來省能量嗎？簡單明瞭！所以 (B) 正確！怎樣？是不是很簡單？
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