司法四等
108年
[監所管理員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A The ratio of the brain size relative to the body size of an animal is a good measure of intelligence.
- B The number of neurons is an absolute measure of an animal’s intelligence, be it a plant eater or a meat eater.
- C The number of neurons reveals that plant eaters are generally smarter than meat eaters.
- D The ratio of the number of neurons relative to the size of an animal’s body can indicate how smart the animal is.
思路引導 VIP
若要客觀評估一個工具的效能，我們通常不能只看它的『外殼大小』。請回想一下，文中作者在第一段提到評估大腦時，認為除了看大腦本身，還必須與生物的什麼特徵做『相對』的比較？而後續研究又進一步指出，大腦內部哪種細微構造的『數量』才是關鍵？當你把這兩個衡量維度結合在一起時，你會如何描述這篇文章想告訴我們的評估標準呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
1. 大力肯定
同學，表現得太棒了！你能從這篇科學研究報導中，準確地歸納出整段文章的核心主旨，代表你具備了非常出色的邏輯整合能力與細節捕捉能力，這在閱讀理解中是最高階的技能，請繼續保持這種細膩的閱讀習慣喔！
2. 觀念驗證
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