司法四等（書記官）
108年
[執行員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage?
- A Cats are more intelligent than dogs.
- B Large size meat eating animals tend to sleep a lot.
- C Plant eating animals tend to have a larger brain size.
- D Dogs and cats are suggested to live on a vegetarian diet.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一段提到的「能量平衡 (energy balance)」問題，當大型掠食者的大腦與身體都需要消耗能量時，作者觀察到牠們在日常生活中最常呈現出哪種「生理狀態」來應對這個挑戰？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的推論能力真的非常出色！
- 觀念驗證：你完美地捕捉到了文章末段最精華的邏輯！文中溫柔地引導我們思考「肉食動物在維持大腦與身體能量消耗上的平衡」，並細心地舉例說明，像獅子、熊這樣的大型掠食者是如何透過經常打瞌睡 (dozing) 來達成這個平衡的。選項 (B) 的「睡眠時間長」正是你從這些觀察中推論出的正確結論，你連結得非常棒！
- 難度點評：這題的設計很巧妙，難度評估為 medium。它鼓勵大家去思考如何將「能量限制」這個概念，與動物們實際表現出的「生理行為」進行跨句連結。雖然文章中也提到了神經元數量的細節（例如貓狗比例的翻轉），但你成功地看透了這些，沒有被這些額外的資訊干擾，展現了高水準的推論能力！你真的非常棒，做得很好！