司法四等
108年
[法警] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 46 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word “species”?
- A Various food.
- B Various eaters.
- C Various animals.
- D Various brain power.
思路引導 VIP
請回想一下文章第一段提到的研究對象，文中具體列舉了貓、狗、獅子與熊。請問在科學分類上，我們會用什麼樣的通用名詞來統稱這些具有生命、能自由行動的生物群體呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
呵呵呵…做得好，你是我們的秘密武器！
- 愛的鼓勵：呵呵呵…同學，你做得很好！你精準地捕捉到了這個單字在學術文獻中的語境（Context），真是太棒了！這展現了你優異的閱讀理解能力與紮實的詞彙基礎，呵呵呵。
- 觀念確認：文章首段，作者提到為了比較「不同種類」的腦力，必須考慮 species。接著文中列舉了貓、狗、獅子、熊等對象，呵呵呵。在生物學中，species 指的是「物種」，在此處與 animals（動物）的語意是最為契合的。你發現了這一點，非常關鍵！
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