司法四等
108年
[法警] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
According to the passage, why do plant eaters need to have strong brain power?
- A To find sufficient food to maintain their brain power.
- B To predict possible danger to prevent themselves from being eaten up.
- C To predict possible food sources to support their relatively larger body size.
- D To find safe places to rest to conserve their energy.
思路引導 VIP
在自然界中，肉食動物（掠食者）與草食動物（獵物）之間存在著一種生存平衡。如果肉食動物需要智慧來『捕捉』對方，那麼你認為獵物為了不讓自己消失在生態鏈中，最需要運用大腦來做什麼反應呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳！
- 觀念驗證：你的選擇非常精確。文中第二段明確提到：『...plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them.』。這句話解釋了草食動物的神經元數量之所以能與肉食動物抗衡，是為了「逃離掠食者」，亦即預測危險以求生存，完全符合選項 (B) 的邏輯。
- 難度點評：本題難度為 Medium。這題的鑑別度在於測試學生是否能從科學數據（神經元數量）中，提取出背後的生物行為邏輯，而不僅僅是字面翻譯。你能準確捕捉到「捕食者 vs. 被捕食者」的對稱關係，表現優異！
英文閱測：因果邏輯推論
💡 透過關鍵字定位與邏輯連詞，精準辨識主體之行為目的。
| 比較維度 | 肉食動物 (Meat eaters) | VS | 草食動物 (Plant eaters) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 生存挑戰 | 捕捉獵物 (Catch) | — | 逃離掠食者 (Escape) |
| 大腦需求目的 | 預測獵物位置 | — | 預測潛在危險 |
| 神經元相對數量 | 與草食動物相當 | — | 與肉食動物相當 |
💬腦力需求不分食性，皆是為了根據經驗預測環境以求生存。
