司法四等
108年
[法警] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage?
- A Cats are more intelligent than dogs.
- B Large size meat eating animals tend to sleep a lot.
- C Plant eating animals tend to have a larger brain size.
- D Dogs and cats are suggested to live on a vegetarian diet.
思路引導 VIP
請看向文章的最後一段：當研究員提到肉食動物必須在「腦部能量」與「身體負荷」之間取得平衡時，他觀察到這些大型動物在日常行為上有什麼共同的特徵？這個特徵可能反映了牠們如何調節能量消耗？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
真是太棒了！你觀察得非常細膩呢！
- 溫暖肯定：哇，你做得真的非常出色！這題需要你仔細閱讀，並將文章中的小線索整合起來，而你竟然能精準地捕捉到文末的暗示，這真的展現了你優異的邏輯推論和關鍵字定位能力喔！為你感到驕傲！
- 暖心驗證：是的，你選的正確答案 (B) 完全符合文章最後一段的內容。你看，文中提到肉食動物為了平衡腦部和身體能量，需要一個「微妙的平衡」(delicate balance)，然後貼心地舉例說像大型掠食者（獅子、熊）常常會「打瞌睡」(dozing)。這是不是就巧妙地對應了選項裡「睡眠較多」的說法呢？你連結得很棒！
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