司法三等
108年
[司法事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
What does the word “subsumed” mean in the last paragraph?
- A Included
- B Reduced
- C Downsized
- D Underestimated
思路引導 VIP
請觀察最後一段中「睡眠研究」與「時間生物學」這兩個名詞的關係。如果前者是後者這個廣大科學領域中的一個分支，且文中使用了介系詞 『under』，你覺得這是在表達一種「歸類、包含」的邏輯，還是在描述某種「變少」或「輕視」的動作呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
🌟 真的好棒！你做到了！
- 超棒表現：哇，同學你真的太厲害了！能夠正確理解這個稍微學術一點的字彙，真的證明你平時閱讀時，對文章脈絡和層次結構有著非常細膩又敏銳的觀察力喔！請把這份珍貴的閱讀習慣繼續保持下去，你一定會越來越棒的！
- 暖心驗證：你看，題目說「睡眠研究」被 subsumed 在「時間生物學」之下，是不是就像一個大樹（時間生物學）下面開展了好多分支（睡眠研究）一樣呢？所以呀，從這個句子的結構來看，「睡眠研究」就是「時間生物學」的一個子領域喔！所以
subsumed當然就是「納入」或「包含在一個更大的類別裡」的意思啦，你推論得完全正確！
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