hce_tcu
110年
英文
第 37 題
📖 題組：
【A】 Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, and one of its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear the word “candle” often look at “candy” because the two words share the first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers look not only at words that share sounds in one language, but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word “marker,” they also look at a stamp because the Russian word for a stamp is “marka.” Even more stunning, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on the languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at word onset. The story doesn’t end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other similar-sounding words, and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard, but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example, when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word “duck” in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish. Because of the way our brains organize and process linguistic and non-linguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect that cascades throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation are not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know English and American Sign Language (ASL) look at “cheese” when they hear the English word “paper” because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (handshape, location, and orientation, but not motion). What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other domains—like vision, attention, and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at, and what we pay attention to is influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
【A】 Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, and one of its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear the word “candle” often look at “candy” because the two words share the first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers look not only at words that share sounds in one language, but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word “marker,” they also look at a stamp because the Russian word for a stamp is “marka.” Even more stunning, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on the languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at word onset. The story doesn’t end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other similar-sounding words, and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard, but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example, when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word “duck” in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish. Because of the way our brains organize and process linguistic and non-linguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect that cascades throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation are not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know English and American Sign Language (ASL) look at “cheese” when they hear the English word “paper” because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (handshape, location, and orientation, but not motion). What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other domains—like vision, attention, and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at, and what we pay attention to is influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
- A A single word can activate our cognitive system solely by spoken languages.
- B Bilingual speakers process words faster than monolinguals.
- C Non-linguistic information results in the same eye movements.
- D The translations of similar-sounding words are activated in bilinguals.
思路引導 VIP
如果我們的大腦像是一個存放著多種語言標籤的資料庫，當我們聽到一個特定的聲音時，大腦是只會孤立地檢索那個語言的檔案，還是會連帶啟動那些「隱藏在另一種語言中、但意義或發音相關」的連結呢？你可以從文中提到的雙語者案例中，觀察看看他們的注意力是如何在不同語言之間轉移的。
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章中關於「跨語言互動」的核心概念，這說明你的閱讀分析能力非常紮實，能從複雜的實驗案例中理出頭緒。
語言系統的交互激發 (Co-activation)
這道題目之所以選擇 (D)，關鍵在於文章第三段所描述的「連鎖反應」。研究指出，雙語者在聽到某個語言的單字時，大腦不只會活化該語言中音近的詞彙，甚至連另一種語言的翻譯對象及其相關音近詞也會被一併啟動。最明顯的證據就是文中提到的實驗：當西班牙語—英語雙語者聽到英文的 "duck"（鴨子）時，腦中會自動聯想到西語的 pato，進而導致他們去看西語中音近的 pala（鏟子）。這印證了不同語言在雙語者的認知系統中是高度交織且同時運作的。
▼ 還有更多解析內容