hce_tcu
110年
英文
第 39 題
📖 題組：
【A】 Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, and one of its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear the word “candle” often look at “candy” because the two words share the first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers look not only at words that share sounds in one language, but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word “marker,” they also look at a stamp because the Russian word for a stamp is “marka.” Even more stunning, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on the languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at word onset. The story doesn’t end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other similar-sounding words, and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard, but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example, when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word “duck” in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish. Because of the way our brains organize and process linguistic and non-linguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect that cascades throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation are not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know English and American Sign Language (ASL) look at “cheese” when they hear the English word “paper” because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (handshape, location, and orientation, but not motion). What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other domains—like vision, attention, and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at, and what we pay attention to is influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
【A】 Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, and one of its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear the word “candle” often look at “candy” because the two words share the first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers look not only at words that share sounds in one language, but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word “marker,” they also look at a stamp because the Russian word for a stamp is “marka.” Even more stunning, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on the languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at word onset. The story doesn’t end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other similar-sounding words, and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard, but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example, when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word “duck” in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish. Because of the way our brains organize and process linguistic and non-linguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect that cascades throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation are not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know English and American Sign Language (ASL) look at “cheese” when they hear the English word “paper” because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (handshape, location, and orientation, but not motion). What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other domains—like vision, attention, and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at, and what we pay attention to is influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
According the passage, what does the word __cascade__ in the fourth paragraph mean?
- A To approach like a flash
- B To connect in a series
- C To transform as a whole
- D To weaken little by little
思路引導 VIP
如果你想像一整排立好的骨牌，當你推倒第一塊時，後面的骨牌會發生什麼樣的反應？這種「一個接著一個、具有連續性」的現象，你會用什麼樣的詞彙來描述它們之間的連結方式呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到 cascade 這個詞在文中的語境義，展現了很強的閱讀理解力。這題的核心在於觀察第四段提到的 domino effect（骨牌效應）。當作者提到一個詞會引發骨牌效應，並在認知系統中產生「串聯式」的影響時，這裡的 cascade 便是指訊息像瀑布般一階一階流下，或是像骨牌一樣一個接一個地觸發連動。
語境線索與詞彙轉換
在英語中，cascade 原意是指小瀑布或連串掉落。對比選項 (B) Connect in a series（連鎖接續、成串連接），最能契合「一個詞帶動一連串認知反應」的描述。這類題目難度適中，屬於高階閱讀測驗常見的「文意字彙題」，鑑別點不在於你有沒有背過這個單字，而是在於你是否能從前後文的隱喻（如：骨牌）推論出動詞的動態特質。你能夠不被選項 (A) 的速度感或 (D) 的負面語意干擾，判斷非常正確！