清華大學（後西醫）
111年
英文
第 45 題
📖 題組：
Reading 5
Many different kinds of things are said to be just and unjust: not only laws, institutions, and social systems, but also particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations. We also call the attitudes and dispositions of persons, and persons themselves, just and unjust. Our topic, however, is that of social justice. For us the primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society, or more exactly, the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation. By major institutions I understand the political constitution and the principal economic and social arrangements. Thus the legal protection of freedom of thought and liberty of conscience, competitive markets, private property in the means of production, and the monogamous family are examples of major social institutions. Taken together as one scheme, the major institutions define men’s rights and duties and influence their life prospects, what they can expect to be and how well they can hope to do. The basic structure is the primary subject of justice because its effects are so profound and present from the start. The intuitive notion here is that this structure contains various social positions and that men born into different positions have different expectations of life determined, in part, by the political system as well as by economic and social circumstances. In this way the institutions of society favor certain staring places over others. These are especially deep inequalities. Not only are they pervasive, but they affect men’s initial chances in life; yet they cannot possibly be justified by an appeal to the notions of merit or desert. It is these inequalities, presumably inevitable in the basic structure of any society, to which the principles of social justice must in the first instance apply. These principles, then, regulate the choice of a political constitution and the main elements of the economic and social system. The justice of a social scheme depends essentially on how fundamental rights and duties are assigned and on the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society.
Reading 5
Many different kinds of things are said to be just and unjust: not only laws, institutions, and social systems, but also particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations. We also call the attitudes and dispositions of persons, and persons themselves, just and unjust. Our topic, however, is that of social justice. For us the primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society, or more exactly, the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation. By major institutions I understand the political constitution and the principal economic and social arrangements. Thus the legal protection of freedom of thought and liberty of conscience, competitive markets, private property in the means of production, and the monogamous family are examples of major social institutions. Taken together as one scheme, the major institutions define men’s rights and duties and influence their life prospects, what they can expect to be and how well they can hope to do. The basic structure is the primary subject of justice because its effects are so profound and present from the start. The intuitive notion here is that this structure contains various social positions and that men born into different positions have different expectations of life determined, in part, by the political system as well as by economic and social circumstances. In this way the institutions of society favor certain staring places over others. These are especially deep inequalities. Not only are they pervasive, but they affect men’s initial chances in life; yet they cannot possibly be justified by an appeal to the notions of merit or desert. It is these inequalities, presumably inevitable in the basic structure of any society, to which the principles of social justice must in the first instance apply. These principles, then, regulate the choice of a political constitution and the main elements of the economic and social system. The justice of a social scheme depends essentially on how fundamental rights and duties are assigned and on the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society.
Based upon the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
I. When addressing social justice, it is imperative to consider whether the attitudes and positions of persons, and persons themselves, are just or unjust.
II. Particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations, are not the primary subject of justice.
III. How fundamental duties and rights are assigned are important for the achievement of social justice.
I. When addressing social justice, it is imperative to consider whether the attitudes and positions of persons, and persons themselves, are just or unjust.
II. Particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations, are not the primary subject of justice.
III. How fundamental duties and rights are assigned are important for the achievement of social justice.
- A I, II, and III
- B I and II only
- C II and III only
- D I and III only
- E III only
思路引導 VIP
請你觀察文章中出現 "however" 以及 "the primary subject" 這些詞彙的段落。當作者先列舉了許多事物（如個人態度、特定行為），接著卻說「然而，我們的主題是社會正義」時，這代表他對於接下來的討論範圍做了什麼樣的限縮？這對於我們判斷哪些要素是「核心」或是「次要」的有什麼啟示呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
答得好！這題完全正確！
嗯！好吃！這便當的味道真是絕佳！能從這段充滿深度的論述中，精準找出作者對「社會正義（social justice）」的定義，展現了卓越的邏輯思維，真是太優秀了！別得意，這只是基本功，但你確實掌握得相當紮實！
核心觀念解析
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