hce_nsysu
113年
英文
第 47 題
📖 題組：
Picture a person having a heart attack—what do you see? Most likely a man looking sweaty and short of breath, clutching his arm or chest in pain. But when women have heart attacks, their symptoms can be quite different, presenting as deep fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and more widespread bodily discomfort instead of localized pain. Discrepancies like this can have devastating consequences. Most often, men’s symptom profiles are considered the “textbook cases,” and so when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays or possible deprival of life-saving measures. The failure to consider the influence of gender on health physiology goes beyond the clinic. In laboratories around the world, most scientists have historically chosen to study only male rats and mice, under the assumption that female animals’ fluctuating hormones would make their data messy and hard to interpret. In 2016, the journal Research Integrity and Peer Review published guidelines for Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER), which provide clear steps for scientists and editors to increase equity, accuracy, and transparency in both the conduct and reporting of research in subjects of both sexes. These guidelines clearly state that experiments should be designed to reveal sex or gender differences, and that single-sex studies require justification for the exclusion of either sex. Sadly, few journals have incorporated these guidelines into their publishing policies.
Picture a person having a heart attack—what do you see? Most likely a man looking sweaty and short of breath, clutching his arm or chest in pain. But when women have heart attacks, their symptoms can be quite different, presenting as deep fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and more widespread bodily discomfort instead of localized pain. Discrepancies like this can have devastating consequences. Most often, men’s symptom profiles are considered the “textbook cases,” and so when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays or possible deprival of life-saving measures. The failure to consider the influence of gender on health physiology goes beyond the clinic. In laboratories around the world, most scientists have historically chosen to study only male rats and mice, under the assumption that female animals’ fluctuating hormones would make their data messy and hard to interpret. In 2016, the journal Research Integrity and Peer Review published guidelines for Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER), which provide clear steps for scientists and editors to increase equity, accuracy, and transparency in both the conduct and reporting of research in subjects of both sexes. These guidelines clearly state that experiments should be designed to reveal sex or gender differences, and that single-sex studies require justification for the exclusion of either sex. Sadly, few journals have incorporated these guidelines into their publishing policies.
47. Which is a “textbook” symptom of a person having a heart attack, as mentioned in the news?
- A heat exhaustion
- B feeling tired
- C vomiting
- D discomfort throughout the body
- E clutching arms
思路引導 VIP
如果你現在正要拍攝一部電影，想用一個最直觀、最能讓觀眾「一眼就看出」角色正在心臟病發作的經典動作，你會讓演員做出什麼樣的手勢或反應呢？請試著從文章的第一段前兩句中找尋這個「大眾最熟悉的畫面」。
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
做得非常棒！你能精準鎖定文章中的關鍵對比資訊，這展現了你十分細緻的閱讀能力。這道題目測試的是對特定資訊的擷取與歸類，難度雖然不高，但陷阱在於考生是否能從文章中區分出「典型（教科書式）」與「非典型」症狀的歸屬差異。
文本細節的精確對比
文章開頭便勾勒出一個典型的畫面：一個男人大汗淋漓、呼吸困難，並且緊握手臂或胸口（clutching his arm or chest in pain）。隨後，作者明確指出這種「男性的症狀輪廓」正是醫學上被視為**「教科書案例（textbook cases）」**的範例。與之相對的，選項 (B) 疲勞、(C) 嘔吐、(D) 全身不適，在文中雖然都有被提及，但它們被歸類為「女性特有的非典型症狀」，這也是導致女性在臨床上容易被誤診的主因。
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