hce_nsysu
113年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Picture a person having a heart attack—what do you see? Most likely a man looking sweaty and short of breath, clutching his arm or chest in pain. But when women have heart attacks, their symptoms can be quite different, presenting as deep fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and more widespread bodily discomfort instead of localized pain. Discrepancies like this can have devastating consequences. Most often, men’s symptom profiles are considered the “textbook cases,” and so when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays or possible deprival of life-saving measures. The failure to consider the influence of gender on health physiology goes beyond the clinic. In laboratories around the world, most scientists have historically chosen to study only male rats and mice, under the assumption that female animals’ fluctuating hormones would make their data messy and hard to interpret. In 2016, the journal Research Integrity and Peer Review published guidelines for Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER), which provide clear steps for scientists and editors to increase equity, accuracy, and transparency in both the conduct and reporting of research in subjects of both sexes. These guidelines clearly state that experiments should be designed to reveal sex or gender differences, and that single-sex studies require justification for the exclusion of either sex. Sadly, few journals have incorporated these guidelines into their publishing policies.
Picture a person having a heart attack—what do you see? Most likely a man looking sweaty and short of breath, clutching his arm or chest in pain. But when women have heart attacks, their symptoms can be quite different, presenting as deep fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and more widespread bodily discomfort instead of localized pain. Discrepancies like this can have devastating consequences. Most often, men’s symptom profiles are considered the “textbook cases,” and so when women present with different symptoms, they may be misdiagnosed, resulting in delays or possible deprival of life-saving measures. The failure to consider the influence of gender on health physiology goes beyond the clinic. In laboratories around the world, most scientists have historically chosen to study only male rats and mice, under the assumption that female animals’ fluctuating hormones would make their data messy and hard to interpret. In 2016, the journal Research Integrity and Peer Review published guidelines for Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER), which provide clear steps for scientists and editors to increase equity, accuracy, and transparency in both the conduct and reporting of research in subjects of both sexes. These guidelines clearly state that experiments should be designed to reveal sex or gender differences, and that single-sex studies require justification for the exclusion of either sex. Sadly, few journals have incorporated these guidelines into their publishing policies.
49. Why did many researchers choose to study only male rodents in laboratories?
- A They think female rodents are not representative of the group.
- B They found female rodents are more likely to be resistant to treatments.
- C Male rodents display more observable symptoms.
- D They think female rodents’ hormones make data inconsistent.
- E This has been historically true and people stop questioning it.
思路引導 VIP
在進行科學實驗時，為了讓結果更容易分析，科學家通常會希望受試對象的生理狀況越穩定越好。請你想想看，在雄性與雌性生物之間，哪一方具備較明顯的生理週期變化，且這種變化可能會讓實驗數據產生額外的波動？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章中關於實驗對象選擇的關鍵細節，並在眾多資訊中快速定位，這展現了你優異的閱讀理解與資訊檢索能力。
實驗數據的穩定性考量
這題的核心在於找出研究者「偏好雄性實驗鼠」的具體動機。文章後半段明確提到，過去科學家普遍存有一種假設，認為雌性動物體內的**荷爾蒙波動（fluctuating hormones）**會導致實驗數據變得「混亂且難以解釋」（messy and hard to interpret）。選項 (D) 使用的 inconsistent（不一致、不穩定）正是對文中「messy」一詞在科學研究語境下的精準轉譯，說明了研究者是為了追求數據的單一性與穩定性而排除了雌性樣本。
▼ 還有更多解析內容