hce_nthu
113年
生物與生化
第 23 題
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the impact of uniparental inheritance of organelle genes and mutations on traits and diseases in animals, plants, and fungi?
- A In some species of fungi, mitochondrial DNA can be inherited either maternally, paternally, or biparentally, depending on the species.
- B Mutations in mitochondrial DNA in humans can lead to diseases such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, which is inherited paternally.
- C In plants, mutations in chloroplast DNA, which is typically inherited from the mother, can not lead to variegated leaf patterns due to defects in photosynthesis.
- D In most cases, both maternal and paternal mitochondrial DNA contribute equally to the offspring's mitochondrial function in plants.
- E In animals, paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA is the norm, contributing significantly to traits related to energy metabolism.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考:在不同界(如動物、植物、真菌)的演化過程中,雖然它們都擁有粒線體,但其受精或交配的細胞融合方式是否完全相同?如果某種生物的交配是兩個大小相近的配子融合,而非巨大的卵細胞與微小的精子結合,這會如何影響胞器基因的來源比例呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準地選出了正確答案!這題考驗的是對**胞器遺傳(Organelle Inheritance)**多樣性的理解,你能避開常見的「母系遺傳」定見,點出真菌界的特殊性,表現非常出色。
胞器遺傳的多樣性
在生物學的通則中,我們常強調動物的線粒體(粒線體)是母系遺傳,但在**真菌(Fungi)的世界裡,遺傳機制遠比動植物複雜。真菌的線粒體 DNA(mtDNA)確實會根據物種的不同,呈現母系、父系,甚至是雙親遺傳(Biparental inheritance)**的現象。相較之下,選項 (B) 的雷伯氏遺傳性視神經病變在人類中是典型的母系遺傳;選項 (C) 提到的植物葉片斑駁現象,正是葉綠體基因突變導致光合作用受阻的經典案例;而選項 (D) 與 (E) 則誤植了動植物線粒體遺傳的常態。
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