hce_cmu
114年
英文
第 37 題
📖 題組：
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 36-50: Choose the BEST answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in the following passages. Passage A This survey study examined the availability and types of survivorship services for adult-onset cancer across ACS CoC–accredited programs, which provide cancer care to 75% of U.S. patients. The findings highlight both widespread availability of certain services and significant gaps, identifying areas for improvement. Establishing this national benchmark enables tracking progress and assessing new approaches in survivorship care. Despite being recognized as an essential phase of cancer treatment, survivorship care remains underdeveloped. Nearly 90% of programs offer screening for new or recurrent cancers and specialty referrals for late-effect management. However, services such as cancer genetics counseling, fertility, and sexual health support are less available, despite patient-reported importance. Additionally, few programs offer patient support groups, fitness programs, or educational series, largely due to lack of insurance reimbursement. These findings align with a 2024 study by Anampa-Guzmán et al., which also noted the underrepresentation of genetic counseling and fertility services. Survivorship care plans and treatment summaries are intended to provide critical health information to survivors and practitioners. While recent studies question their value due to high resource demands, over 90% of programs still provide them, suggesting either perceived benefits or the lingering effects of accreditation requirements. Most programs integrate survivorship care within the cancer treatment team, while only one-third offer specialized survivorship clinics. This contrasts with pediatric oncology, where late-effects clinics are standard. Specialized clinics are more common in comprehensive cancer centers than in community-based settings. The American Society of Clinical Oncology supports a disease- and treatment-specific survivorship model, which may be more practical for adult-onset cancers given their higher prevalence. Further research is needed to determine optimal care models based on cancer type, age, and risk factors. Institutional support for survivorship programs remains limited. Programs report lacking funding, dedicated staff, marketing, philanthropy, and technological infrastructure. The most needed resources include dedicated advanced practice clinicians (APCs), improved IT support, and greater internal visibility. Surprisingly, acquiring survivorship physicians, external marketing, research, and philanthropy were lower priorities. Although nearly 90% of programs recognize the benefits of survivorship services, only a minority of patients receive them. The primary barriers are low referral rates from oncologists and limited patient awareness. Addressing these issues requires institutional investment in staff, enhancements to electronic health record systems, better patient education materials, and clearer referral protocols. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of these initiatives. Many findings align with qualitative studies of U.S. survivorship programs, such as those by Manne and Nekhlyudov, which also reported variations in services and clinical models. While some programs leverage electronic health records for communication, enhanced modules for treatment summaries are underutilized. Critical resources include sustainable funding, informatics for tracking outcomes, and institutional backing to develop viable business plans. This study provides quantitative insights using data from nearly 400 CoC-accredited programs, reflecting the diversity of cancer care in the U.S. Future research adopting both quantitative and qualitative methodologies is strongly advised.
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 36-50: Choose the BEST answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in the following passages. Passage A This survey study examined the availability and types of survivorship services for adult-onset cancer across ACS CoC–accredited programs, which provide cancer care to 75% of U.S. patients. The findings highlight both widespread availability of certain services and significant gaps, identifying areas for improvement. Establishing this national benchmark enables tracking progress and assessing new approaches in survivorship care. Despite being recognized as an essential phase of cancer treatment, survivorship care remains underdeveloped. Nearly 90% of programs offer screening for new or recurrent cancers and specialty referrals for late-effect management. However, services such as cancer genetics counseling, fertility, and sexual health support are less available, despite patient-reported importance. Additionally, few programs offer patient support groups, fitness programs, or educational series, largely due to lack of insurance reimbursement. These findings align with a 2024 study by Anampa-Guzmán et al., which also noted the underrepresentation of genetic counseling and fertility services. Survivorship care plans and treatment summaries are intended to provide critical health information to survivors and practitioners. While recent studies question their value due to high resource demands, over 90% of programs still provide them, suggesting either perceived benefits or the lingering effects of accreditation requirements. Most programs integrate survivorship care within the cancer treatment team, while only one-third offer specialized survivorship clinics. This contrasts with pediatric oncology, where late-effects clinics are standard. Specialized clinics are more common in comprehensive cancer centers than in community-based settings. The American Society of Clinical Oncology supports a disease- and treatment-specific survivorship model, which may be more practical for adult-onset cancers given their higher prevalence. Further research is needed to determine optimal care models based on cancer type, age, and risk factors. Institutional support for survivorship programs remains limited. Programs report lacking funding, dedicated staff, marketing, philanthropy, and technological infrastructure. The most needed resources include dedicated advanced practice clinicians (APCs), improved IT support, and greater internal visibility. Surprisingly, acquiring survivorship physicians, external marketing, research, and philanthropy were lower priorities. Although nearly 90% of programs recognize the benefits of survivorship services, only a minority of patients receive them. The primary barriers are low referral rates from oncologists and limited patient awareness. Addressing these issues requires institutional investment in staff, enhancements to electronic health record systems, better patient education materials, and clearer referral protocols. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of these initiatives. Many findings align with qualitative studies of U.S. survivorship programs, such as those by Manne and Nekhlyudov, which also reported variations in services and clinical models. While some programs leverage electronic health records for communication, enhanced modules for treatment summaries are underutilized. Critical resources include sustainable funding, informatics for tracking outcomes, and institutional backing to develop viable business plans. This study provides quantitative insights using data from nearly 400 CoC-accredited programs, reflecting the diversity of cancer care in the U.S. Future research adopting both quantitative and qualitative methodologies is strongly advised.
Based on the article, which of the following statements about survivorship programs is NOT true?
- A Many hospitals lack trained staff to facilitate these programs.
- B Hsopitals are requested by national health organizations for accreditation.
- C The programs require resources and their benefits are recognized.
- D Many survivors have access to receiving these types of care programs.
思路引導 VIP
請仔細閱讀文章末尾關於患者接受服務的部分。如果文章提到「雖然 90% 的機構都認同這些服務，但實際上只有 minority (少數) 的患者使用」，這對於「患者獲得照護的普及程度」傳達了什麼樣的訊息？這與選項中提到的廣泛獲得 (Many) 是否一致？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
這題你做得很好！精準抓住了文章中「理想與現實的落差」。雖然文章提到高達 90% 的癌症照護計畫（ACS CoC）都認可這些後續照護服務的價值，但關鍵在於倒數第三段明確指出：「只有少數患者（minority of patients）真正接受到了服務」。
資訊篩選與事實辨析
選項 (D) 提到「許多（Many）生還者有管道獲得這類照護」，這與文中描述的現狀正好相反。文章強調了諸多阻礙，例如：轉診率低（low referral rates）、患者認知不足（limited patient awareness），以及保險給付、經費與人力短缺等問題。因此，即便計畫在機構中「存在」，也不代表生還者能「普及地」獲得照護。這也是為什麼選項 (A)、(B)、(C) 都在文中找得到對應的敘述，唯獨 (D) 是與事實相悖的。
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