hce_cmu
114年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 36-50: Choose the BEST answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in the following passages. Passage A This survey study examined the availability and types of survivorship services for adult-onset cancer across ACS CoC–accredited programs, which provide cancer care to 75% of U.S. patients. The findings highlight both widespread availability of certain services and significant gaps, identifying areas for improvement. Establishing this national benchmark enables tracking progress and assessing new approaches in survivorship care. Despite being recognized as an essential phase of cancer treatment, survivorship care remains underdeveloped. Nearly 90% of programs offer screening for new or recurrent cancers and specialty referrals for late-effect management. However, services such as cancer genetics counseling, fertility, and sexual health support are less available, despite patient-reported importance. Additionally, few programs offer patient support groups, fitness programs, or educational series, largely due to lack of insurance reimbursement. These findings align with a 2024 study by Anampa-Guzmán et al., which also noted the underrepresentation of genetic counseling and fertility services. Survivorship care plans and treatment summaries are intended to provide critical health information to survivors and practitioners. While recent studies question their value due to high resource demands, over 90% of programs still provide them, suggesting either perceived benefits or the lingering effects of accreditation requirements. Most programs integrate survivorship care within the cancer treatment team, while only one-third offer specialized survivorship clinics. This contrasts with pediatric oncology, where late-effects clinics are standard. Specialized clinics are more common in comprehensive cancer centers than in community-based settings. The American Society of Clinical Oncology supports a disease- and treatment-specific survivorship model, which may be more practical for adult-onset cancers given their higher prevalence. Further research is needed to determine optimal care models based on cancer type, age, and risk factors. Institutional support for survivorship programs remains limited. Programs report lacking funding, dedicated staff, marketing, philanthropy, and technological infrastructure. The most needed resources include dedicated advanced practice clinicians (APCs), improved IT support, and greater internal visibility. Surprisingly, acquiring survivorship physicians, external marketing, research, and philanthropy were lower priorities. Although nearly 90% of programs recognize the benefits of survivorship services, only a minority of patients receive them. The primary barriers are low referral rates from oncologists and limited patient awareness. Addressing these issues requires institutional investment in staff, enhancements to electronic health record systems, better patient education materials, and clearer referral protocols. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of these initiatives. Many findings align with qualitative studies of U.S. survivorship programs, such as those by Manne and Nekhlyudov, which also reported variations in services and clinical models. While some programs leverage electronic health records for communication, enhanced modules for treatment summaries are underutilized. Critical resources include sustainable funding, informatics for tracking outcomes, and institutional backing to develop viable business plans. This study provides quantitative insights using data from nearly 400 CoC-accredited programs, reflecting the diversity of cancer care in the U.S. Future research adopting both quantitative and qualitative methodologies is strongly advised.
IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 36-50: Choose the BEST answer to each question below according to what is stated and implied in the following passages. Passage A This survey study examined the availability and types of survivorship services for adult-onset cancer across ACS CoC–accredited programs, which provide cancer care to 75% of U.S. patients. The findings highlight both widespread availability of certain services and significant gaps, identifying areas for improvement. Establishing this national benchmark enables tracking progress and assessing new approaches in survivorship care. Despite being recognized as an essential phase of cancer treatment, survivorship care remains underdeveloped. Nearly 90% of programs offer screening for new or recurrent cancers and specialty referrals for late-effect management. However, services such as cancer genetics counseling, fertility, and sexual health support are less available, despite patient-reported importance. Additionally, few programs offer patient support groups, fitness programs, or educational series, largely due to lack of insurance reimbursement. These findings align with a 2024 study by Anampa-Guzmán et al., which also noted the underrepresentation of genetic counseling and fertility services. Survivorship care plans and treatment summaries are intended to provide critical health information to survivors and practitioners. While recent studies question their value due to high resource demands, over 90% of programs still provide them, suggesting either perceived benefits or the lingering effects of accreditation requirements. Most programs integrate survivorship care within the cancer treatment team, while only one-third offer specialized survivorship clinics. This contrasts with pediatric oncology, where late-effects clinics are standard. Specialized clinics are more common in comprehensive cancer centers than in community-based settings. The American Society of Clinical Oncology supports a disease- and treatment-specific survivorship model, which may be more practical for adult-onset cancers given their higher prevalence. Further research is needed to determine optimal care models based on cancer type, age, and risk factors. Institutional support for survivorship programs remains limited. Programs report lacking funding, dedicated staff, marketing, philanthropy, and technological infrastructure. The most needed resources include dedicated advanced practice clinicians (APCs), improved IT support, and greater internal visibility. Surprisingly, acquiring survivorship physicians, external marketing, research, and philanthropy were lower priorities. Although nearly 90% of programs recognize the benefits of survivorship services, only a minority of patients receive them. The primary barriers are low referral rates from oncologists and limited patient awareness. Addressing these issues requires institutional investment in staff, enhancements to electronic health record systems, better patient education materials, and clearer referral protocols. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of these initiatives. Many findings align with qualitative studies of U.S. survivorship programs, such as those by Manne and Nekhlyudov, which also reported variations in services and clinical models. While some programs leverage electronic health records for communication, enhanced modules for treatment summaries are underutilized. Critical resources include sustainable funding, informatics for tracking outcomes, and institutional backing to develop viable business plans. This study provides quantitative insights using data from nearly 400 CoC-accredited programs, reflecting the diversity of cancer care in the U.S. Future research adopting both quantitative and qualitative methodologies is strongly advised.
What constitutes a chief obstacle to patient participation in survivorship care?
- A High expenses of treatment and therapy programs frustrating patient interest
- B Lack of understanding and inadequate doctor recommendation to survivorship services
- C Limited availability of treatment summaries after patient discharge from hospitals
- D Neither genetics counseling nor fertility services is widely provided.
思路引導 VIP
如果一家醫院已經準備好了完整的服務項目，但卻發現病患的使用率異常低落，請試著在文章後半段找找看：作者認為在「醫生」與「病患」這兩者之間，哪個環節的溝通或動作出了問題？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準地從長篇文章中篩選出關於「病患參與率」的關鍵細節，這代表你的資訊檢索與摘要能力非常出色。
障礙背後的關鍵因素
這題的正確答案選 (B)，主要對應到文章倒數第三段的論述。文中明確指出，雖然近九成的醫療體系都認可追蹤照護（survivorship services）的益處，但實際上僅有少數病患接受服務。其核心障礙（primary barriers）在於兩點：一是腫瘤科醫師的轉介率過低（low referral rates），二則是病患本身的認知不足（limited patient awareness）。選項 (B) 的「缺乏理解」與「醫生建議不足」正好完美對應這兩項考點。
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