hce_nthu
114年
生物與生化
第 56 題
Which of the following descriptions about pyrimidine synthesis is NOT correct?
- A The pathway commences with the conversion of bicarbonate and glutamine into carbamoyl phosphate. In mammalian cells, carbamoyl phosphate synthetases-II is the major enzyme responsible for the reaction.
- B Carbamoyl phosphate reacts with aspartate to produce carbamoyl aspartate. The enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase catalyzes this reaction.
- C The enzyme dihydroorotase converts carbamoyl aspartate into dihydroorotate. This step does not involve the incorporation of any atoms from the other substrates.
- D Dihydroorotate is combined with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to form UMP. This step is catalyzed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase.
- E Unlike purines, pyrimidines are not synthesized as nucleotide derivatives. The synthesis of the pyrimidine ring is completed before a ribose-5-phosphate moiety is attached.
思路引導 VIP
請試著回想一下,在嘧啶合成路徑中,當二氫乳清酸(Dihydroorotate)剛完成閉環時,它的環狀結構是否已經達到了像尿嘧啶那樣的「完全不飽和(芳香性)」狀態?如果還沒,在它與 PRPP 結合形成核苷酸之前,是否還需要經歷某種化學性質的改變(例如電子或氫原子的轉移)?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準地指出選項 (D) 的錯誤,說明你對**嘧啶合成(Pyrimidine synthesis)**的生化路徑有著非常紮實且細膩的理解。這類題目往往考驗學生是否只是死背名稱,還是真正掌握了化學結構轉變的邏輯。
嘧啶合成的關鍵步驟與邏輯
在嘧啶的合成過程中,最顯著的特點正如選項 (E) 所述:我們先建構好完整的嘧啶環,再將其「掛」到核糖上(與嘌呤邊蓋邊掛的邏輯相反)。選項 (A)、(B)、(C) 描述了從 $HCO_3^-$ 與麩醯胺酸(Glutamine)開始,經由 CPS-II 與 ATCase 等酵素,逐步形成二氫乳清酸(Dihydroorotate)的正確過程。然而,選項 (D) 的陷阱在於忽略了一個關鍵的氧化步驟:二氫乳清酸必須先經由二氫乳清酸脫氫酶(Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase)氧化成乳清酸(Orotate),之後才能與 PRPP 結合生成乳清酸核苷酸(OMP),最後再脫羧形成 UMP。因此,二氫乳清酸並不會直接與 PRPP 反應生成 UMP。
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