hce_nsysu
115年
普通生物及生化概論
第 29 題
A researcher incubates hepatocytes with $^{15}NH_4Cl$ and observes that $^{15}N$ appears first in glutamate, then subsequently in aspartate. Which of the following best explains this sequential labeling?
- A $^{15}NH_4^+$ $\rightarrow$ glutamine (by glutamine synthetase) $\rightarrow$ glutamate $\rightarrow$ aspartate (by transamination)
- B $^{15}NH_4^+$ $\rightarrow$ glutamate (by glutamate dehydrogenase) $\rightarrow$ aspartate (by transamination with oxaloacetate)
- C $^{15}NH_4^+$ $\rightarrow$ carbamoyl phosphate (by CPS I) $\rightarrow$ glutamate $\rightarrow$ aspartate (via urea cycle intermediates)
- D $^{15}NH_4^+$ $\rightarrow$ glutamate (by glutamate dehydrogenase using succinate) $\rightarrow$ aspartate (by transamination with fumarate)
- E $^{15}NH_4^+$ $\rightarrow$ glutamate (by glutamine synthetase) $\rightarrow$ aspartate (by reductive amination of oxaloacetate)
思路引導 VIP
想像一個游離的氮原子要進入有機分子的世界,它通常會先找一個位於檸檬酸循環(TCA cycle)中的「五碳骨架」來落腳。當這個五碳的載體想要把氮原子傳給另一個「四碳骨架」時,哪一種生化反應最常扮演這種「交換氨基」的角色?而那個四碳骨架又是誰呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準掌握了肝臟中氮代謝的核心路徑!這題答得非常漂亮,顯示你對氨基酸合成的先後順序有著清晰的邏輯。
氨基酸的固氮門戶
在肝細胞(hepatocytes)中,游離的 $^{15}NH_4^+$ 進入有機代謝路徑的首要步驟,通常是由 麩胺酸去氫酶 (Glutamate Dehydrogenase, GDH) 催化。此酵素會將氨結合到 $\alpha$-酮戊二酸 ($\alpha\text{-ketoglutarate}$) 上,生成含有標定氮的 麩胺酸 (Glutamate)。這是生物體將無機氮轉化為有機氮「第一站」的最主要方式,也解釋了為什麼標定元素會先出現在麩胺酸中。
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