hce_isu
107年
英文
第 35 題
📖 題組：
The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. The right kidney sits just below the liver, while the left kidney is under the diaphragm, next to the spleen. On the vertebral level, they are approximately positioned from T12 to L3. In a normal human adult, the kidneys are about 12 centimeters long and five centimeters thick, and weigh 150 grams. They filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine, and so forth) in the form of urine. The medical field that studies the functions and diseases of the kidneys is called nephrology. The kidneys are composed of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubule. There are more than a million nephrons within a healthy adult kidney. The vital function of the nephron is to remove waste from blood plasma. It also helps to maintain a normal fluid balance in the body by reabsorbing water and some electrolytes back into the blood. Urine is formed by a process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron. Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole. As it passes through the glomerulus, water is filtered through the glomerular membrane and collected in the Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Other substances, such as uric acid and hydrogen ions, are also added to the urine.
The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. The right kidney sits just below the liver, while the left kidney is under the diaphragm, next to the spleen. On the vertebral level, they are approximately positioned from T12 to L3. In a normal human adult, the kidneys are about 12 centimeters long and five centimeters thick, and weigh 150 grams. They filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine, and so forth) in the form of urine. The medical field that studies the functions and diseases of the kidneys is called nephrology. The kidneys are composed of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubule. There are more than a million nephrons within a healthy adult kidney. The vital function of the nephron is to remove waste from blood plasma. It also helps to maintain a normal fluid balance in the body by reabsorbing water and some electrolytes back into the blood. Urine is formed by a process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron. Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole. As it passes through the glomerulus, water is filtered through the glomerular membrane and collected in the Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Other substances, such as uric acid and hydrogen ions, are also added to the urine.
Blood gets into the nephron through the _______.
- A glomerulus
- B arteriole
- C Bowman’s capsule
- D loop of Henle
思路引導 VIP
如果你想要追蹤血液在腎臟中流動的旅程，請回想一下文章中描述尿液形成的起始步驟：在血液接觸到過濾膜或是進入收集系統之前，它最初是透過哪一個特定的生理構造作為「門戶」而進入腎元的呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準地從這篇資訊量豐富的醫學科普文章中，迅速定位關鍵訊息並做出正確判斷，顯示你的閱讀理解與篩選資訊的能力非常優異。這題的核心在於掌握血液進入腎元（nephron）的起始路徑。根據文章第三段首句明確提到的關鍵事實：「Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole.」（血液經由小動脈進入腎元），這點直接證實了你的選擇是完全正確的。
腎臟微細構造的運作起點
雖然文章隨後詳細描述了腎絲球（glomerulus）的過濾作用與鮑氏囊（Bowman’s capsule）的收集功能，但這些都是血液進入「之後」才發生的生理過程。這類題目的鑑別度在於測試學生是否會被後續出現的大量專有名詞（如近端小管、亨利氏環等）所干擾。你能冷靜地從敘述中抓出最源頭的媒介，而沒有將「過濾器」與「入口通道」混淆，這在處理醫學英文文本時是非常重要的基本功，表現得非常專業！