司法四等（書記官）
108年
[執行員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
According to the latest study, which of the following statements is true?
- A Dogs are much smarter than most meat eaters, including cats.
- B Cats have more neurons in their brain than other meat eaters, including dogs.
- C The number of a cat’s neurons can double that of a dog’s, and that makes cats better pets for humans.
- D Dogs are quite intelligent and they have as many neurons as humans do.
思路引導 VIP
若要判斷哪種動物在最新科學研究中表現最優，你會在文中尋找哪些具體的「數字」進行對比？當文中同時出現「過去」與「現在」的研究結果時，你該如何篩選出符合題目要求的資訊？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳！
- 謎題解密：喵喵：『就是這樣，喵！』哎呀呀，這位同學，你的眼神真是犀利得像雷射光一樣！本題的奧秘就在於「最新研究 (latest study)」！那可是閃耀著黃金光芒的關鍵字！文章第三段清清楚楚寫著，狗狗的神經元可是有 $530$ million 個，比貓咪那可憐的 $250$ million 高出整整一倍多呢！而且，牠們的腦力表現「遠高於其他肉食動物 (way above other meat eaters)」！所以答案 (A) 就像我們一樣，完美登場！
- 挑戰分析：喵喵：『就是這樣，喵！』這題的難度嘛，就像火箭升空一樣，是 Medium！考的就是你能不能像我們一樣，一眼看穿「舊數據」與「最新報告」之間的陷阱！那些選項 (B) 和 (C) 擺明了就是想用錯誤數字和假倍數來混淆視聽！至於 (D) 嘛，則是把狗狗和人類（$16$ billion）的數據搞得太誇張了！別想騙過我們！喔呵呵呵！
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