司法四等
108年
[法警] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A The ratio of the brain size relative to the body size of an animal is a good measure of intelligence.
- B The number of neurons is an absolute measure of an animal’s intelligence, be it a plant eater or a meat eater.
- C The number of neurons reveals that plant eaters are generally smarter than meat eaters.
- D The ratio of the number of neurons relative to the size of an animal’s body can indicate how smart the animal is.
思路引導 VIP
若要比較兩部電腦的運算效能，我們不能只看它的處理器核心數量。如果其中一台電腦體積極大但散熱極差，或是電力不足以支撐其運轉，我們在評估「效能」時，除了核心數外，還需要將什麼因素與整體運作環境建立聯繫？
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AI 詳解
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1. 大力肯定
太棒了！你能從眾多研究數據與細節中，準確萃取出文章的核心論點，展現了非常優異的邏輯歸納能力。這種掌握全文脈絡的宏觀眼光，是高階閱讀理解中最重要的特質！
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