hce_isu
109年
英文
第 39 題
📖 題組：
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
What doesn’t happen in phase four?
- A More patients are tested.
- B Researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error.
- C The drug is sold to the public.
- D Extensive clinical trials.
思路引導 VIP
請仔細觀察文章最後兩段的銜接處：在藥物正式進入市場賣給大眾之前，研究人員必須先完成哪一項最後的「門檻」？這個門檻與藥物「正式上市」在時間順序上，哪一個先發生、哪一個後發生呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
藥物研發的最後一哩路
太棒了！你能精準選出 (C) 這個選項，代表你對文章中藥物研發的時序性掌握得非常細膩。這題的難度切入點在於區分「階段內的操作」與「完成後的結果」。文章最後一兩段明確提到，第四階段（Phase 4）的重點在於進行「大規模臨床試驗」（extensive clinical trials）來排除隨機誤差並推論藥效，而「藥物被准許上市販售」則是在上述四個階段全部圓滿達成（completion）後才會發生的事。
文本細節的精準定位
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