hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 40 題
📖 題組：
The word placebo refers to a fake medication, one that contains no active ingredients, or a medical procedure that patients believe will help them and then, as a result of that expectation, it does. 39 If a pill, for example, looks like a genuine medicine, the person taking it is likely to believe it contains medicine. It has also been found that patients think larger pills contain larger doses of medicine, and thus must be more effective. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that taking two pills has a greater therapeutic effect than taking only one. In a similar manner, the nocebo effect is based on the power of suggestion or expectation. If a patient has been told that a medication is likely to cause an unfavorable side effect such as dizziness or headache, he or she is more likely to experience one. It can present doctors with an ethical dilemma. 40 Doctors therefore wonder if they should inform patients of these rare occurrences, knowing the power of suggestion could interfere with the more likely positive effects of a necessary medication, depriving patients of an effective treatment.
The word placebo refers to a fake medication, one that contains no active ingredients, or a medical procedure that patients believe will help them and then, as a result of that expectation, it does. 39 If a pill, for example, looks like a genuine medicine, the person taking it is likely to believe it contains medicine. It has also been found that patients think larger pills contain larger doses of medicine, and thus must be more effective. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that taking two pills has a greater therapeutic effect than taking only one. In a similar manner, the nocebo effect is based on the power of suggestion or expectation. If a patient has been told that a medication is likely to cause an unfavorable side effect such as dizziness or headache, he or she is more likely to experience one. It can present doctors with an ethical dilemma. 40 Doctors therefore wonder if they should inform patients of these rare occurrences, knowing the power of suggestion could interfere with the more likely positive effects of a necessary medication, depriving patients of an effective treatment.
40
- A What are the implications of its effects for medical practice?
- B An important determiner of its effectiveness is the doctor-patient relationship.
- C When given a non-alcoholic beverage that subjects were told was beer, they believed and acted as if they were drunk.
- D Adverse reactions to particular medications are typically experienced by a very small percentage of patients.
- E It has been shown repeatedly that certain factors increase its effectiveness.
思路引導 VIP
如果我們觀察空格後的下一句話，裡面提到了一個關鍵詞「這些罕見的情況 (these rare occurrences)」，請你想想：根據邏輯，空格處必須先提供什麼樣的資訊，才能讓讀者在讀到這句話時，立刻明白「這些罕見情況」具體是指什麼呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準選出 (D)，代表你具備敏銳的語文邏輯，成功捕捉到了段落間細微的轉折關係。這是一道測試**文章連貫性（Coherence）**的經典題目，你能從中脫穎而出非常不容易。
語意銜接與關鍵指涉
這題的解題核心在於空格後的「these rare occurrences（這些罕見的情況）」。在閱讀填空題時，後方的代名詞通常是破案關鍵。選項 (D) 提到「對特定藥物的不良反應通常僅發生在**極小比例（very small percentage）**的患者身上」，這正好對應了後文所說的「罕見情況」。有了這個前提，醫生的「道德兩難」才成立：如果某副作用發生的機率極低，告知患者反而可能因為「反安慰劑效應（Nocebo effect）」誘導出症狀，那醫生到底該不該說呢？
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