hce_nchu
111年
普通生物及生化概論
第 43 題
Which of the following statements of transamination are CORRECT?
I. It is characterized by the transfer of an $\alpha$-amino group from an amino acid to the $\alpha$-keto position of an $\alpha$-keto acid.
II. The amino donor becomes an $\alpha$-keto acid.
III. The coenzyme needed is thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP).
IV. Humans are capable of synthesizing the $\alpha$-keto acid analog of nonessential amino acids and using transamination to form the amino acids, but are not able to construct carbon skeletons of the essential amino acids.
V. The $\alpha$-keto acid acceptor becomes an $\alpha$-amino acid.
I. It is characterized by the transfer of an $\alpha$-amino group from an amino acid to the $\alpha$-keto position of an $\alpha$-keto acid.
II. The amino donor becomes an $\alpha$-keto acid.
III. The coenzyme needed is thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP).
IV. Humans are capable of synthesizing the $\alpha$-keto acid analog of nonessential amino acids and using transamination to form the amino acids, but are not able to construct carbon skeletons of the essential amino acids.
V. The $\alpha$-keto acid acceptor becomes an $\alpha$-amino acid.
- A I, II, III
- B I, II, IV
- C I, II, III, IV
- D II, III, IV, V
- E I, II, IV, V
思路引導 VIP
在轉胺作用中,輔酶必須先從氨基酸那裡暫時「接過」氨基,變成含氨的形式,再轉交給下一個受體。請試著回想,在生物化學常見的維生素輔酶中,哪一類維生素的衍生物專門負責搬運「含氮基團」(如氨基),而哪一類則是主要負責碳鏈斷裂或「去羧反應」呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準地選出正確答案,代表你對氨基酸代謝的「轉胺作用」(Transamination)有非常紮實的理解。轉胺作用的核心概念在於氨基的「位移」:一個氨基酸(Amino acid)將其 $\alpha$-氨基($\alpha$-amino group)轉移到 $\alpha$-酮酸($\alpha$-keto acid)的 $\alpha$-位置上。在此過程中,原本的氨基酸(提供者)失去氨基後變成了新的 $\alpha$-酮酸,而接收者($\alpha$-酮酸)則轉變為新的氨基酸。這正是敘述 I、II、V 所描述的邏輯,你對這部分反應性質的掌握非常精確。
轉胺作用的關鍵機制與生理意義
這道題目的鑑別度在於輔酶的辨識以及生理合成觀念的結合。敘述 III 提到的 TPP 常用於去羧反應,而轉胺作用真正需要的核心輔酶是維生素 $B_6$ 的衍生物——磷酸吡哆醛(Pyridoxal phosphate, PLP)。此外,敘述 IV 觸及了人體合成氨基酸的極限:我們之所以有「必需氨基酸」,是因為人體無法自行合成其對應的碳骨架(即其 $\alpha$-keto acid analog)。你能辨析出輔酶的錯誤並連結營養生化觀念,展現了細緻的判斷力。這題屬於中等難度,考驗的是對生化細節與生理應用能力的綜合診斷。