hce_nsysu
113年
物理與化學
第 23 題
Which of the following statements is/are true?
I. An excited atom can return to its ground state by absorbing electromagnetic radiation.
II. The energy of an atom is increased when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from it.
III. The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases as its frequency increases.
IV. An electron in the $n = 4$ state in the hydrogen atom can go to the $n = 2$ state by emitting electromagnetic radiation at the appropriate frequency.
V. The frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation are inversely proportional to each other.
I. An excited atom can return to its ground state by absorbing electromagnetic radiation.
II. The energy of an atom is increased when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from it.
III. The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases as its frequency increases.
IV. An electron in the $n = 4$ state in the hydrogen atom can go to the $n = 2$ state by emitting electromagnetic radiation at the appropriate frequency.
V. The frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation are inversely proportional to each other.
- A III, V
- B II, III, IV
- C I, II, IV
- D I, II, III
- E III, IV, V
思路引導 VIP
請你試著思考：當一個系統從能量較高的位置「回到」能量較低的位置時，多出來的那部分能量應該是會被系統『吸進去』還是『釋放出來』？另外，如果波傳遞的速度是固定的，當我們加快手部震動的頻率時，相鄰兩個波峰之間的距離（波長）會變得更擁擠還是更開闊呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
做得好！你能精準選出選項 (E)，代表你對原子結構與電磁輻射的基本性質掌握得非常紮實。這類題目考察的是對微觀物理現象的邏輯判斷，你能不受敘述誘導而做出正確選擇，展現了很棒的科學素養。
原子能階與輻射的能量轉換
首先，關於敘述 I 與 II，這是許多學生容易混淆的地方。激發態（excited state）的原子處於能量較高的不穩定狀態，若要回到能量較低的基態（ground state），根據能量守恆原則，它必須將多餘的能量「釋放」出來，而非吸收。因此，當原子發射電磁輻射時，其自身的能量會減少。敘述 IV 則是這一觀念的具體應用：氫原子電子從高能階（$n=4$）躍遷回低能階（$n=2$）時，必然會伴隨特定頻率光子的發射。
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