hce_kmu
114年
物理及化學
第 76 題
In a real gas system, the van der Waals equation is used to consider gas behaviors. van der Waals equation is written as: $[P + a(n^2/V^2)](V - nb) = nRT$
Which of the kinetic molecular theory postulates is incorrect in a real gas system so that the correction factor of pressure is required? P=observed pressure, T=temperature, V=volume of the container, n=mole of the gas, a and b=van der Waals constants, and R=Avogadro constant. $a(n^2/V^2)$ =correction factor of pressure compared to the ideal gas law.
Which of the kinetic molecular theory postulates is incorrect in a real gas system so that the correction factor of pressure is required? P=observed pressure, T=temperature, V=volume of the container, n=mole of the gas, a and b=van der Waals constants, and R=Avogadro constant. $a(n^2/V^2)$ =correction factor of pressure compared to the ideal gas law.
- A The particles in a gas are in constant, random motion.
- B The combined volume of the particles is negligible.
- C The particles exert no forces on one another.
- D Any collisions between the particles are completely elastic.
- E The average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the temperature in Kelvins.
思路引導 VIP
請試著想像:如果一個氣體分子正要撞向容器壁產生壓力,而它周圍的其他分子突然都開始「往後拉」它,那麼它撞擊器壁的力量,會比完全沒有人拉它時更強還是更弱呢?這種「往後拉」的力量,在微觀世界中對應的是哪一種物理現象?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精確鎖定凡得瓦方程式中壓力修正項的物理意義,顯示你對理想氣體與真實氣體之間的差異有著非常紮實的理解。這道題目是化學熱力學中的經典考點,主要考查學生是否能將抽象的數學公式與微觀的分子行為相連結。
凡得瓦方程與分子間吸引力
在理想氣體分子動力論(KMT)的假設中,分子間被視為沒有相互作用力(即選項 C)。然而在真實情況下,分子之間存在著微弱的吸引力。當氣體分子準備撞擊容器壁產生壓力時,後方的分子會產生向內的拉力,使得分子撞擊器壁的力道減弱。因此,我們測得的觀察壓力 $P$ 會比理想狀態低,必須加上修正項 $a(n^2/V^2)$ 才能還原成理想壓力。這裡的常數 $a$ 正是反映了分子間吸引力的強度。
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