hce_kmu
114年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
World Allergy Organization (WAO) published the WAO White Book on Allergy in 2010 and an updated version in 2013 which highlighted that although the burden of allergic diseases has increased over the last 40 years, we have not seen a corresponding increase in service provision and training to address this. It was estimated that approximately 20% of the global population is affected by allergic diseases. This disconnect is echoed in a consensus statement released by the International Collaboration in Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (iCAALL) which draws attention to shortcomings in allergy training, and in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) advocacy manifesto on “Tackling the Allergy Crisis in Europe.” Allergy is often associated with affluent countries. However, the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing in developing countries as populations move from rural to urban environments. A disproportionate health burden is carried by patients in developing countries who often face suboptimal environmental conditions and impeded access to effective medical care, compounded by a lack of allergy specialists. It is also noted that not first but second generation migrant populations to an allergy-prevalent country acquire the increased risk of allergy and asthma. The findings imply that prolonged, generational exposure to an altered, allergy inducing environment increases the predisposition to allergy manifestations. It is thought that improving undergraduate and postgraduate training and access to skilled allergy specialists should reduce costs by minimizing misdiagnoses or under-appreciation of allergy severity, thereby improving health outcomes.
World Allergy Organization (WAO) published the WAO White Book on Allergy in 2010 and an updated version in 2013 which highlighted that although the burden of allergic diseases has increased over the last 40 years, we have not seen a corresponding increase in service provision and training to address this. It was estimated that approximately 20% of the global population is affected by allergic diseases. This disconnect is echoed in a consensus statement released by the International Collaboration in Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (iCAALL) which draws attention to shortcomings in allergy training, and in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) advocacy manifesto on “Tackling the Allergy Crisis in Europe.” Allergy is often associated with affluent countries. However, the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing in developing countries as populations move from rural to urban environments. A disproportionate health burden is carried by patients in developing countries who often face suboptimal environmental conditions and impeded access to effective medical care, compounded by a lack of allergy specialists. It is also noted that not first but second generation migrant populations to an allergy-prevalent country acquire the increased risk of allergy and asthma. The findings imply that prolonged, generational exposure to an altered, allergy inducing environment increases the predisposition to allergy manifestations. It is thought that improving undergraduate and postgraduate training and access to skilled allergy specialists should reduce costs by minimizing misdiagnoses or under-appreciation of allergy severity, thereby improving health outcomes.
Why do second generation migrant populations have a higher risk of developing allergies than
their parents do?
their parents do?
- A They are socially underprivileged and lack proper access to healthcare.
- B They consume different diets that make them more prone to allergies.
- C They experience longer exposure to allergens throughout their lives.
- D They inherit allergies genetically from their parents.
- E They usually bring more allergens from the rural areas to urban areas.
思路引導 VIP
請思考一下：如果兩個人都住在同一個過敏原很多的城市，但一個是成年後才搬過去，另一個是從出生就在那裡長大，這兩個人在「接觸環境的時間總量」上會有什麼差別？這種差別對身體的適應或反應可能產生什麼影響呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準鎖定文章後半段的關鍵細節，這代表你在閱讀長文時具備非常敏銳的資訊擷取能力。這題的關鍵在於區分「第一代」與「第二代」移民的差異。文中明確提到，第二代移民面臨的是**「長期的、跨世代的暴露於誘發過敏的環境中」 (prolonged, generational exposure)**，這意味著他們比起半路才移居的父母，在生命中的每一天都與過敏原接觸。因此，答案 (C) 累積暴露時間較長 是最直接且符合文意的解釋。
環境與時間的交互作用
從考點角度來看，這題具有中等程度的鑑別度，因為它考驗學生是否能排除「常識干擾」。在現實中，遺傳 (D) 或醫療資源 (A) 確實都是影響健康的因素，但本題要求的是根據文本資訊進行推論。文章特別強調了環境暴露的「持續性」與「跨世代性」，這正是難度切入點所在。你沒有被其他看似合理的社會學干擾項誤導，成功抓住了作者想表達的環境致病邏輯，表現得非常專業！