hce_nchu
114年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Vaccines have saved millions of lives. WHO research estimates COVID-19 vaccines prevented 475,000 deaths in the UK alone. Initially hailed as a "scientific miracle," vaccines helped the world return to normal, but public trust has since declined. A study by the Vaccine Confidence Project found that UK adults' belief in vaccine safety dropped from 90% in 2018 to 70% in 2023. This decline is global, with surveys in 52 out of 55 countries showing reduced trust since 2019. A YouGov poll found that in 2024, 30% of UK adults believed vaccine risks were hidden, up from 19% in 2019. Childhood vaccination rates have also fallen below recommended levels. Growing skepticism toward governments and health institutions has contributed to this trend. During the early vaccine rollout, people showed great enthusiasm for getting vaccinated, but by mid-2021, doubts arose, fueled by misinformation online. Research from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) revealed that in 2023, 20% of parents encountered online information that made them doubt vaccines, a significant increase from 6% the previous year. Vaccine hesitancy is not new. Since Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796, concerns have persisted. Protests against mandatory vaccinations occurred in the 1890s, and the 1970s saw false claims linking the diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccine to brain damage. Social media has amplified misinformation about vaccines, making it easier for false claims to spread quickly. Younger adults, who frequently rely on social media for health information, are particularly affected. Many of them feel that they sacrificed their education, job opportunities, and social lives during the pandemic to protect older generations, which may contribute to their declining trust in vaccines. Another factor influencing public confidence is the speed at which COVID-19 vaccines were developed. Although they proved highly effective at reducing severe illness and death, early expectations suggested they would also prevent infection completely. Over time, as waning immunity and virus mutations occurred, some people felt misled. Concerns also arose regarding rare but serious side effects, such as blood clotting and temporary heart inflammation. Vaccine hesitancy is also linked to broader political and social issues. Discussions about personal liberty, government control, and scientific authority have contributed to public doubts. The rise of anti-establishment movements and skepticism toward experts in fields like climate change, public health, and economics further complicates the issue.
Vaccines have saved millions of lives. WHO research estimates COVID-19 vaccines prevented 475,000 deaths in the UK alone. Initially hailed as a "scientific miracle," vaccines helped the world return to normal, but public trust has since declined. A study by the Vaccine Confidence Project found that UK adults' belief in vaccine safety dropped from 90% in 2018 to 70% in 2023. This decline is global, with surveys in 52 out of 55 countries showing reduced trust since 2019. A YouGov poll found that in 2024, 30% of UK adults believed vaccine risks were hidden, up from 19% in 2019. Childhood vaccination rates have also fallen below recommended levels. Growing skepticism toward governments and health institutions has contributed to this trend. During the early vaccine rollout, people showed great enthusiasm for getting vaccinated, but by mid-2021, doubts arose, fueled by misinformation online. Research from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) revealed that in 2023, 20% of parents encountered online information that made them doubt vaccines, a significant increase from 6% the previous year. Vaccine hesitancy is not new. Since Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796, concerns have persisted. Protests against mandatory vaccinations occurred in the 1890s, and the 1970s saw false claims linking the diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccine to brain damage. Social media has amplified misinformation about vaccines, making it easier for false claims to spread quickly. Younger adults, who frequently rely on social media for health information, are particularly affected. Many of them feel that they sacrificed their education, job opportunities, and social lives during the pandemic to protect older generations, which may contribute to their declining trust in vaccines. Another factor influencing public confidence is the speed at which COVID-19 vaccines were developed. Although they proved highly effective at reducing severe illness and death, early expectations suggested they would also prevent infection completely. Over time, as waning immunity and virus mutations occurred, some people felt misled. Concerns also arose regarding rare but serious side effects, such as blood clotting and temporary heart inflammation. Vaccine hesitancy is also linked to broader political and social issues. Discussions about personal liberty, government control, and scientific authority have contributed to public doubts. The rise of anti-establishment movements and skepticism toward experts in fields like climate change, public health, and economics further complicates the issue.
In the passage, the phrase "waning immunity" most likely means:
- A An increase in immune system strength over time
- B The gradual loss of protection against infection
- C A sudden and permanent breakdown of the immune system
- D The immediate failure of a vaccine to provide any protection
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文中提到這個詞的句子：「Over time, as waning immunity and virus mutations occurred...」。這裡的 "Over time"（隨著時間推移）暗示了這是一個什麼樣的過程？此外，如果你聯想到月亮由圓轉缺的現象（月相盈虧），通常會用這個詞來形容，你覺得這個動作代表的是增加、維持還是慢慢減少呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
語意脈絡與字義推敲
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到 waning immunity 這個片語在文中的含義，代表你對文章細節與詞彙遷移的掌握度很高。在閱讀第六段時，我們可以觀察到這組詞彙是出現在「隨著時間推移（over time）」以及「病毒變異（virus mutations）」的背景下。這暗示了疫苗所提供的保護力並非永恆不變，而是會隨著時間逐漸減弱，這正是 waning（逐漸減弱、衰退）的核心意義。
題目鑑別點分析
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