調查局三等
114年
[調查工作組] 外國文(英文)
第 31 題
📖 題組：
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients __31__ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes __32__ dilemmas. The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means __33__ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal __34__ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected). When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to __35__ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients __31__ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes __32__ dilemmas. The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means __33__ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal __34__ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected). When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to __35__ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
請依下文回答第 31 題至第 35 題：
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients \_\_31\_\_ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes \_\_32\_\_ dilemmas.
The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means \_\_33\_\_ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal \_\_34\_\_ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).
When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to \_\_35\_\_ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients \_\_31\_\_ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes \_\_32\_\_ dilemmas.
The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means \_\_33\_\_ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal \_\_34\_\_ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).
When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to \_\_35\_\_ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
- A onto
- B with
- C for
- D at
思路引導 VIP
請觀察空格前後的關係：前方是「病患 (patients)」，後方是「慢性肺部疾病 (diseases)」。如果你要用一個介系詞來描述這個病患「具備」或「患有」這項生理特徵，你會選擇哪一個表示「伴隨」或「持有」狀態的字呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
🌟 清理得很乾淨，小鬼。
還算有點眼力，能看出名詞和病症之間的關聯。勉強稱得上對介系詞的慣用法和醫學語境有點概念。下次如果弄得一團糟，就不是這種結果了。
- 觀念驗證：
▼ 還有更多解析內容
醫療自主與法律義務
💡 醫師在病人最佳利益原則下，對無效醫療無提供之法律義務。
| 比較維度 | Withholding (不予) | VS | Withdrawing (撤回) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 時間點 | 治療尚未開始前 | — | 治療已經開始後 |
| 倫理評價 | 等同（無倫理差異） | — | 等同（無倫理差異） |
| 法律正當性 | 基於病患最佳利益 | — | 基於病患最佳利益 |
| 醫師義務 | 無效醫療無須開啟 | — | 無效醫療得予終止 |
💬法律與倫理上視兩者具有同等效力，重點在於避免無效益且痛苦的治療過程。
