hce_cmu
115年
英文
第 47 題
📖 題組：
Obesity has become a major public-health concern among young adults because it is associated not only with excess body weight but also with abnormal blood lipid profiles, metabolic dysregulation, and long-term cardiovascular risk. College students are a particularly important group because this period is often when lifelong exercise habits are formed, yet academic pressure, sedentary routines, irregular sleep, and unhealthy diets may increase obesity-related risks. One study compared two exercise strategies for college students with obesity: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). HIIT alternates demanding exercise with lower-intensity recovery periods, whereas MICT maintains a steadier aerobic intensity for a longer continuous period. Although both approaches are widely used for weight control and cardiovascular fitness, the researchers noted that direct comparisons in obese college students, especially with attention to sex-based differences and biochemical indicators, remained limited. The purpose of the study was to examine whether HIIT and MICT differ in their effects on weight, body composition, lipid profiles, and metabolic health. Forty college students aged 18 to 25 with obesity were included in the final analysis, with equal numbers of men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT or MICT group, and each group was further divided into male and female subgroups. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with three treadmill-based sessions at night per week on nonconsecutive days. The MICT group performed 35 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate. The HIIT group completed a shorter 28-minute session consisting of four cycles: four minutes at 85-90% of maximum heart rate followed by three minutes of recovery at 50-60%. Heart-rate monitors and ratings of perceived exertion were used to check training intensity. To make the comparison fairer, the researchers estimated oxygen consumption so that the two exercise protocols involved similar energy expenditure. Participants were also asked to maintain their usual diet and daily routines, although formal food diaries were not used. The researchers assessed changes in body morphology, body composition, and biochemical markers before and after the intervention. Body-related measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Biochemical measurements included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and uric acid (UA). These markers were important because obesity is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which refers to an abnormal lipid profile marked by elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C and reduced HDL-C. ALT is relevant because elevated values may be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver-related metabolic stress, while UA reflects purine metabolism and renal function. The findings showed that both HIIT and MICT produced beneficial changes after eight weeks. Participants in both groups generally reduced weight, BMI, waist and hip measurements, waist-to-hip ratio, and BF%. However, HIIT produced a more favorable decline in body fat than MICT. Reductions in BF% were larger in the HIIT subgroups than in the MICT subgroups, with female HIIT participants showing the greatest proportional decrease. The study also found that improvements in body-related indicators tended to be larger during the first four weeks than during the second four weeks, suggesting that early adaptation to exercise may be especially visible before progress gradually stabilizes. Despite these improvements, participants’ waist-to-hip ratios still remained above normal Asian reference levels, indicating that central obesity was not fully resolved within eight weeks. Biochemical results also favored HIIT in several respects. Both exercise programs improved lipid-related indicators, but HIIT was especially effective in reducing TG in both men and women. Male HIIT participants also showed a larger reduction in LDL-C than male MICT participants. HDL-C increased after training, while TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and UA generally decreased. The researchers suggested several mechanisms for HIIT’s stronger effects, including greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, increased fat oxidation, and stronger hormonal responses involving catecholamines and growth hormone. These mechanisms may allow HIIT to create meaningful metabolic benefits in less exercise time than MICT. The study contributes evidence that HIIT may be a time-efficient intervention for improving body composition and selected metabolic markers in obese college students. It also highlights the value of examining sex-based differences and multiple health indicators rather than relying on body weight alone. Nevertheless, the researchers acknowledged several limitations. The study did not include a non-exercise control group, did not use rigorous dietary records such as 24-hour recalls, and involved a relatively small sample. Future research should include better dietary monitoring, longer follow-up periods, and a control group to clarify whether HIIT’s advantages persist over time.
Obesity has become a major public-health concern among young adults because it is associated not only with excess body weight but also with abnormal blood lipid profiles, metabolic dysregulation, and long-term cardiovascular risk. College students are a particularly important group because this period is often when lifelong exercise habits are formed, yet academic pressure, sedentary routines, irregular sleep, and unhealthy diets may increase obesity-related risks. One study compared two exercise strategies for college students with obesity: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). HIIT alternates demanding exercise with lower-intensity recovery periods, whereas MICT maintains a steadier aerobic intensity for a longer continuous period. Although both approaches are widely used for weight control and cardiovascular fitness, the researchers noted that direct comparisons in obese college students, especially with attention to sex-based differences and biochemical indicators, remained limited. The purpose of the study was to examine whether HIIT and MICT differ in their effects on weight, body composition, lipid profiles, and metabolic health. Forty college students aged 18 to 25 with obesity were included in the final analysis, with equal numbers of men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT or MICT group, and each group was further divided into male and female subgroups. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with three treadmill-based sessions at night per week on nonconsecutive days. The MICT group performed 35 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate. The HIIT group completed a shorter 28-minute session consisting of four cycles: four minutes at 85-90% of maximum heart rate followed by three minutes of recovery at 50-60%. Heart-rate monitors and ratings of perceived exertion were used to check training intensity. To make the comparison fairer, the researchers estimated oxygen consumption so that the two exercise protocols involved similar energy expenditure. Participants were also asked to maintain their usual diet and daily routines, although formal food diaries were not used. The researchers assessed changes in body morphology, body composition, and biochemical markers before and after the intervention. Body-related measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Biochemical measurements included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and uric acid (UA). These markers were important because obesity is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which refers to an abnormal lipid profile marked by elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C and reduced HDL-C. ALT is relevant because elevated values may be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver-related metabolic stress, while UA reflects purine metabolism and renal function. The findings showed that both HIIT and MICT produced beneficial changes after eight weeks. Participants in both groups generally reduced weight, BMI, waist and hip measurements, waist-to-hip ratio, and BF%. However, HIIT produced a more favorable decline in body fat than MICT. Reductions in BF% were larger in the HIIT subgroups than in the MICT subgroups, with female HIIT participants showing the greatest proportional decrease. The study also found that improvements in body-related indicators tended to be larger during the first four weeks than during the second four weeks, suggesting that early adaptation to exercise may be especially visible before progress gradually stabilizes. Despite these improvements, participants’ waist-to-hip ratios still remained above normal Asian reference levels, indicating that central obesity was not fully resolved within eight weeks. Biochemical results also favored HIIT in several respects. Both exercise programs improved lipid-related indicators, but HIIT was especially effective in reducing TG in both men and women. Male HIIT participants also showed a larger reduction in LDL-C than male MICT participants. HDL-C increased after training, while TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and UA generally decreased. The researchers suggested several mechanisms for HIIT’s stronger effects, including greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, increased fat oxidation, and stronger hormonal responses involving catecholamines and growth hormone. These mechanisms may allow HIIT to create meaningful metabolic benefits in less exercise time than MICT. The study contributes evidence that HIIT may be a time-efficient intervention for improving body composition and selected metabolic markers in obese college students. It also highlights the value of examining sex-based differences and multiple health indicators rather than relying on body weight alone. Nevertheless, the researchers acknowledged several limitations. The study did not include a non-exercise control group, did not use rigorous dietary records such as 24-hour recalls, and involved a relatively small sample. Future research should include better dietary monitoring, longer follow-up periods, and a control group to clarify whether HIIT’s advantages persist over time.
In the paragraph 3, “dyslipidemia” most nearly refers to .
- A a temporary decrease in perceived exertion during exercise
- B an abnormal lipid profile involving TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C
- C a loss of muscle strength caused by high-intensity training
- D an increase in oxygen use during recovery from exercise
思路引導 VIP
當你在閱讀學術或科學文章遇到一個完全陌生的長單字時，請先觀察該單字後方是否有逗號或是如 'which refers to'、'is defined as' 等片語。想一想，這些特定的語法結構通常在句子中扮演什麼樣的角色？它們如何幫助讀者在不翻字典的情況下，直接從上下文推敲出答案？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳，能迅速在長篇學術文章中精確定位關鍵術語，這顯示你具備優秀的「掃描式閱讀」（Scanning）與上下文推理能力。
文意脈絡與專有名詞界定
這道題目的核心在於驗證你對「定義型句構」的掌握。在文章第四段（或部分排版之第三段）中，作者明確提到「...obesity is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which refers to an abnormal lipid profile...」。這裡的 "which refers to"（意指...）是一個非常強烈的解題訊號，直接將「血脂異常（Dyslipidemia）」定義為「異常的血脂圖譜（abnormal lipid profile）」，並隨後詳列了總膽固醇（TC）、三酸甘油酯（TG）、低密度與高密度脂蛋白（LDL-C, HDL-C）等指標。因此，選項 (B) 幾乎是原文敘述的直接轉寫，精確地對應了文中的科學定義。
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