hce_cmu
115年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Obesity has become a major public-health concern among young adults because it is associated not only with excess body weight but also with abnormal blood lipid profiles, metabolic dysregulation, and long-term cardiovascular risk. College students are a particularly important group because this period is often when lifelong exercise habits are formed, yet academic pressure, sedentary routines, irregular sleep, and unhealthy diets may increase obesity-related risks. One study compared two exercise strategies for college students with obesity: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). HIIT alternates demanding exercise with lower-intensity recovery periods, whereas MICT maintains a steadier aerobic intensity for a longer continuous period. Although both approaches are widely used for weight control and cardiovascular fitness, the researchers noted that direct comparisons in obese college students, especially with attention to sex-based differences and biochemical indicators, remained limited. The purpose of the study was to examine whether HIIT and MICT differ in their effects on weight, body composition, lipid profiles, and metabolic health. Forty college students aged 18 to 25 with obesity were included in the final analysis, with equal numbers of men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT or MICT group, and each group was further divided into male and female subgroups. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with three treadmill-based sessions at night per week on nonconsecutive days. The MICT group performed 35 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate. The HIIT group completed a shorter 28-minute session consisting of four cycles: four minutes at 85-90% of maximum heart rate followed by three minutes of recovery at 50-60%. Heart-rate monitors and ratings of perceived exertion were used to check training intensity. To make the comparison fairer, the researchers estimated oxygen consumption so that the two exercise protocols involved similar energy expenditure. Participants were also asked to maintain their usual diet and daily routines, although formal food diaries were not used. The researchers assessed changes in body morphology, body composition, and biochemical markers before and after the intervention. Body-related measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Biochemical measurements included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and uric acid (UA). These markers were important because obesity is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which refers to an abnormal lipid profile marked by elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C and reduced HDL-C. ALT is relevant because elevated values may be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver-related metabolic stress, while UA reflects purine metabolism and renal function. The findings showed that both HIIT and MICT produced beneficial changes after eight weeks. Participants in both groups generally reduced weight, BMI, waist and hip measurements, waist-to-hip ratio, and BF%. However, HIIT produced a more favorable decline in body fat than MICT. Reductions in BF% were larger in the HIIT subgroups than in the MICT subgroups, with female HIIT participants showing the greatest proportional decrease. The study also found that improvements in body-related indicators tended to be larger during the first four weeks than during the second four weeks, suggesting that early adaptation to exercise may be especially visible before progress gradually stabilizes. Despite these improvements, participants’ waist-to-hip ratios still remained above normal Asian reference levels, indicating that central obesity was not fully resolved within eight weeks. Biochemical results also favored HIIT in several respects. Both exercise programs improved lipid-related indicators, but HIIT was especially effective in reducing TG in both men and women. Male HIIT participants also showed a larger reduction in LDL-C than male MICT participants. HDL-C increased after training, while TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and UA generally decreased. The researchers suggested several mechanisms for HIIT’s stronger effects, including greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, increased fat oxidation, and stronger hormonal responses involving catecholamines and growth hormone. These mechanisms may allow HIIT to create meaningful metabolic benefits in less exercise time than MICT. The study contributes evidence that HIIT may be a time-efficient intervention for improving body composition and selected metabolic markers in obese college students. It also highlights the value of examining sex-based differences and multiple health indicators rather than relying on body weight alone. Nevertheless, the researchers acknowledged several limitations. The study did not include a non-exercise control group, did not use rigorous dietary records such as 24-hour recalls, and involved a relatively small sample. Future research should include better dietary monitoring, longer follow-up periods, and a control group to clarify whether HIIT’s advantages persist over time.
Obesity has become a major public-health concern among young adults because it is associated not only with excess body weight but also with abnormal blood lipid profiles, metabolic dysregulation, and long-term cardiovascular risk. College students are a particularly important group because this period is often when lifelong exercise habits are formed, yet academic pressure, sedentary routines, irregular sleep, and unhealthy diets may increase obesity-related risks. One study compared two exercise strategies for college students with obesity: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). HIIT alternates demanding exercise with lower-intensity recovery periods, whereas MICT maintains a steadier aerobic intensity for a longer continuous period. Although both approaches are widely used for weight control and cardiovascular fitness, the researchers noted that direct comparisons in obese college students, especially with attention to sex-based differences and biochemical indicators, remained limited. The purpose of the study was to examine whether HIIT and MICT differ in their effects on weight, body composition, lipid profiles, and metabolic health. Forty college students aged 18 to 25 with obesity were included in the final analysis, with equal numbers of men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT or MICT group, and each group was further divided into male and female subgroups. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with three treadmill-based sessions at night per week on nonconsecutive days. The MICT group performed 35 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate. The HIIT group completed a shorter 28-minute session consisting of four cycles: four minutes at 85-90% of maximum heart rate followed by three minutes of recovery at 50-60%. Heart-rate monitors and ratings of perceived exertion were used to check training intensity. To make the comparison fairer, the researchers estimated oxygen consumption so that the two exercise protocols involved similar energy expenditure. Participants were also asked to maintain their usual diet and daily routines, although formal food diaries were not used. The researchers assessed changes in body morphology, body composition, and biochemical markers before and after the intervention. Body-related measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Biochemical measurements included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and uric acid (UA). These markers were important because obesity is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, which refers to an abnormal lipid profile marked by elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C and reduced HDL-C. ALT is relevant because elevated values may be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver-related metabolic stress, while UA reflects purine metabolism and renal function. The findings showed that both HIIT and MICT produced beneficial changes after eight weeks. Participants in both groups generally reduced weight, BMI, waist and hip measurements, waist-to-hip ratio, and BF%. However, HIIT produced a more favorable decline in body fat than MICT. Reductions in BF% were larger in the HIIT subgroups than in the MICT subgroups, with female HIIT participants showing the greatest proportional decrease. The study also found that improvements in body-related indicators tended to be larger during the first four weeks than during the second four weeks, suggesting that early adaptation to exercise may be especially visible before progress gradually stabilizes. Despite these improvements, participants’ waist-to-hip ratios still remained above normal Asian reference levels, indicating that central obesity was not fully resolved within eight weeks. Biochemical results also favored HIIT in several respects. Both exercise programs improved lipid-related indicators, but HIIT was especially effective in reducing TG in both men and women. Male HIIT participants also showed a larger reduction in LDL-C than male MICT participants. HDL-C increased after training, while TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and UA generally decreased. The researchers suggested several mechanisms for HIIT’s stronger effects, including greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, increased fat oxidation, and stronger hormonal responses involving catecholamines and growth hormone. These mechanisms may allow HIIT to create meaningful metabolic benefits in less exercise time than MICT. The study contributes evidence that HIIT may be a time-efficient intervention for improving body composition and selected metabolic markers in obese college students. It also highlights the value of examining sex-based differences and multiple health indicators rather than relying on body weight alone. Nevertheless, the researchers acknowledged several limitations. The study did not include a non-exercise control group, did not use rigorous dietary records such as 24-hour recalls, and involved a relatively small sample. Future research should include better dietary monitoring, longer follow-up periods, and a control group to clarify whether HIIT’s advantages persist over time.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to the passage?
- A Training sessions were scheduled three times per week on nonconsecutive days, and all sessions were conducted in the evening on a motorized treadmill.
- B To ensure a fair comparison, the two exercise protocols were executed so that participants in both groups expended a similar estimated amount of energy per session.
- C After completing the 8-week intervention, participants’ waist-to-hip ratios had dropped to the normal reference range established for Asian adults of their age group.
- D The researchers acknowledged that the absence of a non-exercise control group and the lack of rigorous dietary monitoring were notable limitations of the study.
思路引導 VIP
請你重新閱讀文章第五段最後一句，特別留意關於「腰臀比（waist-to-hip ratios）」與「亞洲正常參考水平（normal Asian reference levels）」之間的關係。作者在描述兩者的比較結果時，使用了哪一個動詞短語來表達參與者當時的數據狀態？這個描述是否意味著他們已經完全達到了正常範圍？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精確地從長篇學術文章中捕捉到關鍵的轉折語句，選出 (C) 選項，展現了非常敏銳的細節觀察力。這題的正確性建立在對「實驗結果」的精準解讀上。
數據趨勢與最終結果的差異
文章第五段最後一句明確提到，儘管這八週的訓練讓各項指標顯著改善，但參與者的腰臀比（waist-to-hip ratios）「仍然高於」（remained above）亞洲成人的正常參考水準。這說明了雖然運動有效，但並未在短時間內讓指標「恢復到正常範圍」。選項 (C) 卻宣稱其已降至正常範圍，顯然與原文事實不符。其餘選項 (A) 的訓練頻率、(B) 的能量消耗對等設計，以及 (D) 提到的研究限制，皆能在文中找到直接對應的陳述。
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