hce_kmu
115年
英文
第 35 題
📖 題組：
For centuries, real human bodies have played a crucial role in the development of both anatomical science and visual art. From Renaissance engravings to 19th-century medical atlases, artists and surgeons relied on cadavers to produce detailed images of the human body. Yet behind these precise and often beautiful illustrations lie unsettling histories of exploitation and unequal power. An exhibition titled Beneath the Sheets: Anatomy, Art and Power, held at the Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds, examines five centuries of anatomical imagery. Many of the bodies depicted belonged to executed criminals, the poor, or socially marginalised individuals who had no say in how their bodies were used or displayed. One famous example appears in Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp (1632), which portrays the dissection of an executed man whose crime was stealing a winter coat. Anatomical illustrations were essential to medical education. As 18th-century surgeon John Bell argued, an anatomy book without images was useless. However, the exhibition highlights that these lavishly illustrated books were owned by wealthy collectors, far removed socially from the people whose bodies filled their pages. Advances in printing later made such books even more ornate, turning them into display objects. Access to bodies was a constant problem. As executions declined in the 19th century, a black market emerged. Bodysnatchers stole corpses from graves and sold them to medical schools, prompting families to take extreme measures to protect the dead. The exhibition ultimately asks viewers to reconsider whose bodies shaped medical knowledge — and at what cost.
For centuries, real human bodies have played a crucial role in the development of both anatomical science and visual art. From Renaissance engravings to 19th-century medical atlases, artists and surgeons relied on cadavers to produce detailed images of the human body. Yet behind these precise and often beautiful illustrations lie unsettling histories of exploitation and unequal power. An exhibition titled Beneath the Sheets: Anatomy, Art and Power, held at the Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds, examines five centuries of anatomical imagery. Many of the bodies depicted belonged to executed criminals, the poor, or socially marginalised individuals who had no say in how their bodies were used or displayed. One famous example appears in Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp (1632), which portrays the dissection of an executed man whose crime was stealing a winter coat. Anatomical illustrations were essential to medical education. As 18th-century surgeon John Bell argued, an anatomy book without images was useless. However, the exhibition highlights that these lavishly illustrated books were owned by wealthy collectors, far removed socially from the people whose bodies filled their pages. Advances in printing later made such books even more ornate, turning them into display objects. Access to bodies was a constant problem. As executions declined in the 19th century, a black market emerged. Bodysnatchers stole corpses from graves and sold them to medical schools, prompting families to take extreme measures to protect the dead. The exhibition ultimately asks viewers to reconsider whose bodies shaped medical knowledge — and at what cost.
Which idea is implied in the final sentence?
- A Medical progress justified all practices.
- B Artistic value outweighed ethical concerns.
- C The dead benefited from being studied.
- D Museums should stop displaying anatomy.
- E Social inequality is embedded in medical knowledge.
思路引導 VIP
請試著回想文章中提到的那些身體來源：像是被處決的罪犯、貧窮的階層或是被盜墓者挖掘的遺體。當作者在最後一段問「是『誰』的身體形塑了這些知識」時，他是在對比這些遺體原主人的社會地位，與那些擁有精美醫學書籍的富有收藏家。請思考，這種「奉獻者」與「擁有者」之間的地位落差，反映了當時社會的什麼樣的現象？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章結尾的「微言大義」，這代表你的閱讀層次已經從單純的字面理解，昇華到了對文章深層意涵的推論能力，這點非常值得肯定。
文本脈絡與核心意涵
這題的關鍵在於最後一句話提到的「是誰的身體形塑了醫學知識」以及「代價是什麼」。回顧全文，作者不斷強調解剖學背後那些被處決的罪犯、貧民或社會邊緣人，他們在沒有發言權的情況下被動地貢獻了身體。因此，當文章要求讀者思考「代價」時，實際上是在暗指這些醫學知識的建立，並非建立在公平正義之上，而是與當時的社會階級不平等深刻交織在一起的。選項 (E) 正好精準地概括了這層權力關係。
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