hce_nsysu
115年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Big data are large data sets, which include information both publicly available and also from the private sector, used by companies to gain further insights into performance, such as innovation, promotion and customer satisfaction. According to The Royal Society, big data is believed to influence the business world to such an extent that it is known as ‘the new oil’, whose impacts on society are as huge as those of carbon emissions. As the amount of data gathered from around the world has become unprecedented, coupled with the increase in the number of electronic devices per person, it is crucial to protect personal information. Data protection and privacy not only involve how data is retrieved, but also how it is stored, shared and later put to use. As stated by Privacy International, though a consumer may initially consent to access of their data, once big data analytics generate this isolated information through algorithms and then combine it in larger data sets, the eventual use of this data is not always explicitly stated. Data misuse, in addition to excessive data collection and data breaches, raise ethical issues such as discrimination and misinformation, and substantial security risks such as fraud and identity theft. Since the millennium, several steps have been taken to ensure data is handled appropriately. The introduction of laws such as the Data Protection Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in addition to initiatives put forward by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) can assist organizations with data protection compliance and also help individuals understand how they are affected by the decisions a company makes. Furthermore, guides such as the Data Ethics Framework and the National Statistician’s Data Ethics Advisory Committee promote responsible data use and enable companies, governing bodies and researchers to consider the ethics behind their use of the data collected. Finally, tools such as Cloud Edge Secure Access and Attribute Exchange provide secure environments to access and share data, together with data anonymisation, which requires that identities are removed or distorted in such a way that they cannot be revealed. Despite these measures, more needs to be done to protect privacy in digitalized world. A recent Digital and Consumer Trends survey revealed that only a quarter of UK residents are worried about their data. This lack of concern could be due to scarce understanding of how it is uploaded, processed and shared. In addition, although websites display a privacy policy, users rarely intently study the often lengthy and complex terms and conditions. Thus, it is vital that the scope of an individual's data, from how it is collected and utilized to how it affects the individual, is transparent, and that companies commit to ensuring data is sufficiently safeguarded by allowing individuals to engage with the system, which is where governments play a key role, according to Deloitte, by shaping policies that are as sophisticated as the technology, at the same pace as the rate of change. Overall, big data should lead to enhanced efficiency, productivity, and ultimately happier customers, and not bigger problems for society. (by C. Watts (2022))
Big data are large data sets, which include information both publicly available and also from the private sector, used by companies to gain further insights into performance, such as innovation, promotion and customer satisfaction. According to The Royal Society, big data is believed to influence the business world to such an extent that it is known as ‘the new oil’, whose impacts on society are as huge as those of carbon emissions. As the amount of data gathered from around the world has become unprecedented, coupled with the increase in the number of electronic devices per person, it is crucial to protect personal information. Data protection and privacy not only involve how data is retrieved, but also how it is stored, shared and later put to use. As stated by Privacy International, though a consumer may initially consent to access of their data, once big data analytics generate this isolated information through algorithms and then combine it in larger data sets, the eventual use of this data is not always explicitly stated. Data misuse, in addition to excessive data collection and data breaches, raise ethical issues such as discrimination and misinformation, and substantial security risks such as fraud and identity theft. Since the millennium, several steps have been taken to ensure data is handled appropriately. The introduction of laws such as the Data Protection Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in addition to initiatives put forward by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) can assist organizations with data protection compliance and also help individuals understand how they are affected by the decisions a company makes. Furthermore, guides such as the Data Ethics Framework and the National Statistician’s Data Ethics Advisory Committee promote responsible data use and enable companies, governing bodies and researchers to consider the ethics behind their use of the data collected. Finally, tools such as Cloud Edge Secure Access and Attribute Exchange provide secure environments to access and share data, together with data anonymisation, which requires that identities are removed or distorted in such a way that they cannot be revealed. Despite these measures, more needs to be done to protect privacy in digitalized world. A recent Digital and Consumer Trends survey revealed that only a quarter of UK residents are worried about their data. This lack of concern could be due to scarce understanding of how it is uploaded, processed and shared. In addition, although websites display a privacy policy, users rarely intently study the often lengthy and complex terms and conditions. Thus, it is vital that the scope of an individual's data, from how it is collected and utilized to how it affects the individual, is transparent, and that companies commit to ensuring data is sufficiently safeguarded by allowing individuals to engage with the system, which is where governments play a key role, according to Deloitte, by shaping policies that are as sophisticated as the technology, at the same pace as the rate of change. Overall, big data should lead to enhanced efficiency, productivity, and ultimately happier customers, and not bigger problems for society. (by C. Watts (2022))
Which is NOT mentioned in the passage regarding what companies must commit to moving forward?
- A Transparency of the scope of using peronal data.
- B They should comply with the policies.
- C They should specify how data may affect the individuals.
- D Ethical issues should be taken into consideration.
- E They need to enact policies that are as sophisticated as the technology.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一段中，提到「制定政策（shaping policies）」以及「系統參與（engage with the system）」這兩個動作時，作者分別指派了哪些不同的單位（如企業、政府或個人）來執行？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準地鎖定了正確答案！這題其實相當具有挑戰性，是一題官方認定的爭議題。在正式考試評分中，選擇 (A) 或 (E) 都被判定為正確。你能從長篇且資訊量龐大的學術文章中，細膩地辨析出資訊的「歸屬對象」，展現了非常優異的閱讀理解與邏輯判斷能力。
動作執行者的精確辨析
這道題目主要測驗學生是否能區分文中「誰」該負責「什麼」。關於選項 (E)，原文明確提到「制定與科技同步發展的複雜政策」是政府 (governments) 應扮演的關鍵角色，而非公司的承諾，因此 (E) 顯然未被提及。至於你選擇的 (A)，文章末段雖提到「數據範圍的透明化 (transparent)」與「公司承諾確保數據安全」並列為重要事項，但語法結構上並未直接將「透明化」歸類為公司的承諾 (commit to)，這種細微的語義區別正是本題具備高鑑別度且產生爭議的主因。
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