高考申論題
108年
[藥事] 藥物治療學
第 一 題
📖 題組:
請閱讀以下短文,並回答提問: Harnessing the Power of Real-World Evidence(RWE) RWE is derived from the data of patients treated in real-world settings. The surge of electronic health records(EHRs), as well as other technologies, enables researchers to better understand the real-world patient experience. EHR-derived data can be combined with other data sources such as administrative claims, genomic information, and mortality datasets to create a more complete description of a patient’s disease journey. It is crucial to develop rigorous guidance for translating real-world data(RWD) into actionable and meaningful RWE. 修改自:Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018;103:202−205.
請閱讀以下短文,並回答提問: Harnessing the Power of Real-World Evidence(RWE) RWE is derived from the data of patients treated in real-world settings. The surge of electronic health records(EHRs), as well as other technologies, enables researchers to better understand the real-world patient experience. EHR-derived data can be combined with other data sources such as administrative claims, genomic information, and mortality datasets to create a more complete description of a patient’s disease journey. It is crucial to develop rigorous guidance for translating real-world data(RWD) into actionable and meaningful RWE. 修改自:Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018;103:202−205.
📝 此題為申論題,共 3 小題
小題 (一)
請說明 RWD 與 RWE 意涵。此類實證資料之整理或探討,有助釐清一些癥結、幫助決斷,值得於藥學那些領域應用?(5 分)
思路引導 VIP
面對此類實證醫學與藥事行政概念題,應先釐清「Data (原始資料)」與「Evidence (分析後的證據)」的層次差異。論述應用領域時,建議以「藥品全生命週期」(研發核准、上市後監測、藥物經濟學、臨床決策) 為架構進行系統性列舉,方能展現宏觀的專業視野並穩拿分數。
小題 (二)
國內可供應用之 RWD 有那些?請評析各類別 RWD 之強項(strength)與限制(limitation)。(10 分)
思路引導 VIP
本題測驗考生對真實世界數據(RWD)的實務認知。看到此題,應立即聯想台灣最具代表性的「健保資料庫(NHIRD)」,接著延伸至「醫院電子病歷(EHR)」與「特定疾病登記庫(如癌症登記)」,並從資料的『廣度(覆蓋率)』與『深度(臨床細節)』進行強項與限制的對比分析。
小題 (三)
運用 RWD 與 RWE 進行探討,該自我充實之能力與宜避免之陷阱有那些?(5 分)
思路引導 VIP
看到 RWD/RWE 題型,應立即聯想其與隨機對照試驗(RCT)的本質差異。解題關鍵在於思考「如何從龐雜無序的真實病歷資料中,淬鍊出具備臨床價值的證據」,由此推導出所需的流行病學/統計能力,以及觀察性研究最常見的系統性誤差與因果推論陷阱。