hce_kmu
109年
英文
第 41 題
📖 題組：
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the use of drug therapy with schizophrenic patients?
- A A higher percentage of people have schizophrenia in developing countries than in developed countries.
- B Patients who talk about their drug therapy have lower cure rates.
- C A full recovery is more likely with drug and talk therapy combined than with just drugs.
- D Drug therapy is less available in developing countries than in the U.S.
- E A higher percentage of schizophrenics in the U.S. have higher cure rates due to drug therapy.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察第四段最後兩句話：作者對比了美國與發展中國家的康復率，隨後立即對『藥物治療』的有效性提出質疑。如果作者認為這個地區性的差異可以證明藥物療效較差，那麼這兩類地區在『使用藥物的普及程度』或『獲取藥物的容易度』上，理應存在什麼樣的不同呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能準確鎖定 (D) 這個選項，代表你對文章最後一段的**邏輯推論（Inference）**掌握得非常細膩。這類題目並非直接在文中給出字面答案，而是需要你扮演偵探，找出支撐作者結論的「隱藏前提」。
文本背後的因果邏輯
文章在第四段最後提到，發展中國家的康復率高於美國，緊接著作者便推論「藥物治療（drug therapy）可能不如談話治療有效」。這段邏輯要成立，必須建立在一個關鍵的社會背景假設上：在高度工業化的美國，藥物是主要且易取得的治療手段；而在發展中國家，藥物可能較為匱乏，醫療體系更依賴社會支持或談話治療。正是因為這兩地在藥物取得性上的差異，作者才能透過「康復率的對比」得出關於療效的結論。
▼ 還有更多解析內容