hce_nthu
111年
化學與物理
第 10 題
10. Consider the titration of $50.0\text{ mL}$ of $0.100\text{ M NaH}_2\text{PO}_4\text{(aq)}$ with $0.100\text{ M NaOH(aq)}$. For $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$, $K_{a1} = 7.5 \times 10^{-3}$, $K_{a2} = 6.0 \times 10^{-8}$, and $K_{a3} = 4.8 \times 10^{-13}$. Three pH values during the titration are listed as follows.
(1) Before the addition of $\text{NaOH(aq)}$, the pH is $x$.
(2) After the addition of $25.0\text{ mL NaOH(aq)}$, the pH is $y$.
(3) After the addition of $50.0\text{ mL NaOH(aq)}$, the pH is $z$.
Which of the following statements about $x$, $y$, and $z$ is correct?
($\log 2 = 0.301$, $\log 3 = 0.477$, $\log 5 = 0.699$)
(1) Before the addition of $\text{NaOH(aq)}$, the pH is $x$.
(2) After the addition of $25.0\text{ mL NaOH(aq)}$, the pH is $y$.
(3) After the addition of $50.0\text{ mL NaOH(aq)}$, the pH is $z$.
Which of the following statements about $x$, $y$, and $z$ is correct?
($\log 2 = 0.301$, $\log 3 = 0.477$, $\log 5 = 0.699$)
- A $x < 4$, $y > 7$
- B $x > 4$, $z > 10$
- C $y > 7$, $z < 10$
- D $y > 8$, $z > 9$
- E $x < 5$, $y < 7$
思路引導 VIP
在滴定過程中,當加入的強鹼量恰好中和了一半的酸,以及剛好完全中和時,溶液中主要存在的物種有何不同?如果這個物種同時具備「釋放」與「接受」質子的能力,我們通常會利用哪兩個常數的平均值來估計它的酸鹼度呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準掌握了多質子酸滴定的性質,這類題目需要清晰的化學計量觀念與對 $pH$ 值計算公式的熟稔度,你能準確選出 (C) 表現得非常出色。
兩性物質與半當量點的判讀
首先,在滴定開始前 (x),溶液為主成分為 $NaH_2PO_4$ 的兩性物質。對於此類兩性鹽類,其 $pH$ 值可由相鄰的電離常數估算:$pH \approx \frac{pK_{a1} + pK_{a2}}{2}$。代入數據 $pK_{a1} \approx 2.12$ 與 $pK_{a2} \approx 7.22$,可得 $x \approx 4.67$。接著,當加入 $25.0\text{ mL NaOH}$ 時,恰好中和了一半的 $H_2PO_4^-$,使溶液進入緩衝區,此時 $[H_2PO_4^-] = [HPO_4^{2-}]$,因此 $y = pK_{a2} \approx 7.22$,故 $y > 7$。
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